Livestock Greenhouse Gases Emissions Under Grazing Conditions in the TropicLivestock Greenhouse Gases Emissions Under Grazing Conditions in the Tropic

Raúl Andrés Molina Benavides; Hugo Sánchez Guerrero; Daniel Mateus

doi:10.22490/21456453.2685

Vol. 10 Núm. 1 (2019)

Publicado 18-12-2018

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Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la ganadería bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el trópico

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.2685

Raúl Andrés Molina Benavides Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Hugo Sánchez Guerrero Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira

Daniel Mateus Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira

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La actividad ganadera está vinculada a procesos con repercusiones medioambientales. El metano (CH₄) y el óxido nitroso (N₂O) son dos gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) importantes emitidos a la atmósfera por el ganado durante los procesos de fermentación entérica y manejo de excretas, que contribuyen al calentamiento global. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la cantidad de GEI emitida (kg CO₂e) por kg de producto generado a partir de las principales especies de rumiantes (ovejas, cabras, búfalos y bovinos) utilizados en áreas tropicales, bajo condiciones de pastoreo. Para los pequeños rumiantes, según investigaciones anteriores, las intensidades de emisión (IE) para la carne estaban entre 25 y 49.5 kg CO₂e y para la leche entre 5.5 y 11.2 kg CO₂e; para los búfalos, la IE estaba entre 2.5 - 5.8 kg CO₂e / kg leche y 21 - 70 kg CO2e / kg carne; para el ganado de carne, la IE estaba entre 21- 76 kg CO₂e; y para el ganado lechero, la IE fue de 2 a 9 kg de CO₂e. Las diferencias encontradas entre los promedios regionales y los datos para una misma área de un país pueden deberse a diferentes factores, como la calidad de los pastos, el nivel de intensificación de los sistemas y las condiciones climáticas.

Palabras clave: calentamiento global, huella de carbono, intensidad de emisión, metano, óxido nitroso, rumiantes.

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Molina Benavides, R. A., Sánchez Guerrero, H., & Mateus, D. (2018). Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la ganadería bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el trópico. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 10(1), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.2685

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