Bioingeniería y soluciones basadas en la naturaleza para estabilizar taludes carreteros bajo lluvias extremas: revisión estructurada de desempeño, mantenimiento y escalabilidad.

Gabriel Montufar

doi:10.22490/25394088.11964

Vol. 20 Núm. 2 (2026)

Publicado 23-09-2026

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Artículo de revisión

Bioingeniería y soluciones basadas en la naturaleza para estabilizar taludes carreteros bajo lluvias extremas: revisión estructurada de desempeño, mantenimiento y escalabilidad.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/25394088.11964

Gabriel Montufar Universidad de Panamá

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Los taludes de corte y relleno asociados a carreteras concentran escorrentía y sufren ciclos rápidos de humedecimiento que pueden activar erosión, pérdida de succión y deslizamientos someros. Esta revisión sistemática evalúa la bioingeniería de suelos y las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza empleadas bajo lluvias extremas. Se efectuó una búsqueda estructurada de literatura publicada entre 1996 y agosto de 2026, con rastreo de citas y evaluación cualitativa de calidad. La base final comprendió 63 documentos: 61 fuentes técnicas y dos guías metodológicas. La evidencia se organizó según mecanismo hidrológico y mecánico, intervención, establecimiento, mantenimiento y aplicabilidad a escala de red. Las coberturas herbáceas, hidrosiembra, mantas biodegradables, estacas vivas, fajinas y estructuras híbridas reducen erosión y pueden reforzar la zona superficial; su eficacia disminuye ante flujo concentrado, drenaje deficiente, fallas profundas o vegetación no establecida. La respuesta más robusta combina drenaje, protección del pie, protección superficial temporal y refuerzo biológico. La revisión vincula desempeño, mantenimiento y escalabilidad en una matriz de decisión para taludes carreteros tropicales, con criterios de establecimiento, inspección postormenta y límites de aplicación. También identifica vacíos de validación regional, seguimiento de largo plazo, costo de ciclo de vida y normalización de indicadores para redes viales resilientes y sostenibles.

Palabras clave: bioingeniería de suelos, estabilidad de taludes, carreteras, lluvias extremas, mantenimiento

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Montufar, G. (2026). Bioingeniería y soluciones basadas en la naturaleza para estabilizar taludes carreteros bajo lluvias extremas: revisión estructurada de desempeño, mantenimiento y escalabilidad. Publicaciones E Investigación, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.22490/25394088.11964

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