La acidez del suelo limita la producción agrícola: una revisión enfocada en la amazonia colombiana

Gelber Rosas Patiño; Edgar Alvaro Avila Pedraza; Verenice Sánchez Castillo

doi:10.22490/21456453.7857

Vol. 16 Núm. 1 (2025)

Publicado 19-12-2024

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Área Agrícola

Fertilización

La acidez del suelo limita la producción agrícola: una revisión enfocada en la amazonia colombiana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.7857

Gelber Rosas Patiño Universidad de la Amazonia

Edgar Alvaro Avila Pedraza Universidad del Tolima

Verenice Sánchez Castillo Universidad de la Amazonia

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Resumen
Referencias

Contextualización: los suelos tropicales ácidos se caracterizan por presentar bajo pH, altas concentraciones de aluminio y baja disponibilidad de nutrientes, lo que limita el desarrollo de la raíz y la producción de los cultivos. Los suelos de la Amazonia colombiana, en donde predominan oxisoles y ultisoles, hacen parte de este grupo de suelos ácidos y de baja fertilidad natural.

Vacío de conocimiento: el comportamiento de las plantas que crecen en suelos ácidos ha ocupado el interés de investigadores en todo el mundo, pero es escaza la información actualizada y de libre acceso que permita entender con suficiencia la naturaleza de estos suelos, así como las estrategias morfológicas, fisiológicas y bioquímicas de adaptación de los cultivos de importancia agrícola desarrollados en los suelos ácidos de la Amazonia colombiana.

Propósito: presentar una síntesis de los últimos avances científicos relacionados con los suelos ácidos, la relación de la acidez con la disponibilidad de nutrientes y los efectos tóxicos del aluminio, así como los mecanismos de adaptación desarrollados por las plantas. En esta revisión también se aborda de manera especial los efectos de la acidez del suelo en ocho cultivos de importancia agrícola para los productores en la Amazonia colombiana.

Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos de libre acceso publicados en cuatro bases de datos de la Web entre el 2020 y el 2023, sobre las formas del aluminio en el suelo, su relación con la disponibilidad de nutrientes, los efectos tóxicos, los mecanismos de tolerancia de la planta y algunas prácticas de manejo de suelos ácidos.

Resultados y conclusiones: este estudio aporta elementos importantes que ayudan a mejorar la comprensión de los suelos ácidos y plantea escenarios futuros para orientar la gestión del conocimiento, en relación con el manejo de los suelos ácidos y los cultivos agrícolas en la Amazonia colombiana.

Palabras clave: encalado, disponibilidad de nutrientes, pH del suelo, toxicidad por aluminio, cultivos tolerantes

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Rosas Patiño, G., Avila Pedraza, E. A., & Sánchez Castillo, V. (2024). La acidez del suelo limita la producción agrícola: una revisión enfocada en la amazonia colombiana. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 16(1), 185-211. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.7857

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