Bisfenol A y efectos de disrupción endocrina en humanos y animales: Revisión sistemática:

Fernando Tamayo; Jorge Agaméz; Dilia Aparicio; Johana Márquez

doi:10.22490/21456453.4691

Vol. 13 Núm. 2 (2022)

Publicado 17-06-2022

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Bisfenol A y efectos de disrupción endocrina en humanos y animales: Revisión sistemática

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.4691

Fernando Tamayo Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez

Jorge Agaméz Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez

Dilia Aparicio Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez

Johana Márquez Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez

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Contextualización: El Bisfenol A (BPA por su nombre en inglés, Bisphenol A) es una sustancia química utilizada en la fabricación de recipientes de plástico de policarbonato, recubrimiento de latas de metal, empaques de productos cosméticos y de cuidado personal, utensilios de cocina, juguetes, papel térmico para recibos, equipos deportivos y dispositivos médicos y dentales, que posee la facilidad de lixiviarse con el paso del tiempo y las altas temperaturas. En la actualidad, el BPA se ha categorizado como disruptor endocrino, debido a su capacidad de alterar la homeostasis del sistema endocrino tanto de humanos como animales.

Vacío de investigación: El uso de plásticos se ha convertido en una problemática mundial, debido al impacto generado en los diferentes compartimientos ambientales, así como la salud de los animales y el hombre. En este sentido, se hace necesario la recopilación de información que evidencie el panorama general de los efectos asociados a sustancias presentes en los plásticos, tales como el BPA.

Propósito del estudio: Revisar los efectos de disrupción endocrina inducidos por la exposición a BPA en humanos y animales.

Metodología: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con la guía PRISMA. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Scielo, ScienceDirect, MedLine (PubMed,OVID) entre el periodo de 2017 hasta 2021. Como palabras claves se emplearon los siguientes términos: Bisphenol, endocrine disrupter, animals y humans. Se incluyeron todos los artículos que evidenciaran el efecto disruptor endocrino del BPA en humanos y animales.

Resultados: Para esta revisión se incluyeron 35 estudios, de los cuales 17 se realizaron en humanos y 18 en animales; los estudios seleccionados evidenciaron que la exposición a BPA puede tener efectos sobre la reproducción, aumento de peso (obesógeno), diabetes, neurotoxicidad, estrés oxidativo y función tiroidea.

Conclusión: El BPA puede filtrarse de plásticos y productos y ser ingerido o absorbido por vía transdérmica en los seres vivos, así como lixiviarse al ambiente; allí puede alcanzar aguas residuales, suelo y cuerpos de agua (superficiales y subterráneos). Por tanto, esta sustancia es considerada como ubicua en el medio ambiente e inevitable para los humanos y animales, en los cuales ha mostrado inducir efectos de disrupción endocrina equiparables.

Palabras clave: Bisfenol A, disrupción endocrina, humanos, animales, revisión

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Tamayo, F., Agaméz, J., Aparicio, D., & Márquez, J. (2022). Bisfenol A y efectos de disrupción endocrina en humanos y animales: Revisión sistemática: . Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 13(2), 175-200. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.4691

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