Esfuerzo recompensa y Síndrome de Burnout en el Sector Salud, una Revisión Integrativa, 2018 a 2024

Diana Carolina Rodríguez-Romero; Sergio Orlando  Ovalle-Quiroga; Diana Derly Bueno-Castro; Mónica del Pilar Tamayo-Olmos; Rodrigo Ruiz-Lurduy; Johny Rojas Rangel

doi:10.22490/24629448.10567

Vol. 24 Núm. 46 (2026): 1

Publicado 2025-11-11

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2025 Diana Carolina Rodríguez-Romero , Sergio Orlando Ovalle-Quiroga , Diana Derly Bueno-Castro , Mónica del Pilar Tamayo-Olmos , Rodrigo Ruiz-Lurduy, Johny Rojas Rangel

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Artículo de Revisión

Esfuerzo recompensa y Síndrome de Burnout en el Sector Salud, una Revisión Integrativa, 2018 a 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.10567

Diana Carolina Rodríguez-Romero Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

Sergio Orlando Ovalle-Quiroga Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

Diana Derly Bueno-Castro Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

Mónica del Pilar Tamayo-Olmos Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

Rodrigo Ruiz-Lurduy Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

Johny Rojas Rangel Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

PDF

Resumen
Referencias

Introducción. Diversos estudios reconocen que el desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa tiene un impacto importante en el desempeño laboral del personal sanitario. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión integrativa para describir la relación entre esfuerzo-recompensa y síndrome de burnout en el sector salud entre 2018 y 2024. Metodo. Se realizó la búsqueda de información en las bases de datos BioMed Central, Emerald Insight, Epistemonikos, Medline, ProQuest, Pubmed, Redalyc, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus y Springer Link. Se eligieron 22 artículos, la mayoría (90.9%) de ellos emplearon metodología cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo, con análisis correlacional, las profesiones más estudiadas fueron médicos (30,4%), seguidos de enfermeras (21,7%). Conclusión. Los hombres más jóvenes tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar desgaste profesional. Así mismo, las mujeres presentaron más riesgo de agotamiento emocional y exceso de compromiso. Finalmente, los profesionales de la salud con mayor desbalance esfuerzo-recompensa tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar síndrome de burnout.

Palabras clave: agotamiento psiocológico, esfuerzo recompensa, personal de salud, calidad de vida, estrés laboral, emociones

1. Saborío L achiner, Hidalgo L. Sindrome de Burout. Medicina Legal de Costa Rica. 2015;32(1):291–5.

2. Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Burnout-depression overlap: A review. Clin Psychol Rev [Internet]. 2015;36:28–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004

3. Wickramasinghe ND, Dissanayake DS, Abeywardena GS. Clinical validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Sri Lanka. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):1–10.

4. Silistraru I, Ciubară A, Olariu O, Ciureanu IA, Checheriță LE, Drugus D, et al. Burnout and Intention to Change Profession among Romanian Dentists during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2023;11(19).

5. Silistraru I, Ciubară A, Olariu O, Ciureanu IA, Checheriță LE, Drugus D, et al. Burnout and Intention to Change Profession among Romanian Dentists during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2023 Oct 1;11(19).

6. Tirado G, Rodríguez-cifuentes F, Llorente-alonso M, Rubio-garay F, Topa G, Ángeles M, et al. Desequilibrio Esfuerzo-Recompensa y quejas subjetivas de salud: Un modelo de mediación moderada con profesionales sanitarios. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud. 2022;13(2):93–103.

7. García-Maroto M, Luceño-Moreno L, Martín-García J. Modelo esfuerzo-recompensa, salud y enfermedad en personal sanitario: Una revisión sistemática. Ansiedad y Estres. 2021;28(1):16–29.

8. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol. 1996;1(1):27–41.

9. Siegrist J. The Effort–Reward Imbalance Model. The Handbook of Stress and Health [Internet]. 2017 Apr 19 [cited 2024 May 19];24–35. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781118993811.ch2

10. Uribe-Prado J felipe. Clima y Ambiente Organizacional, Trabajo, Salud y factores psicosociales. Mexic, D.F.: Manual Moderno; 2015. 251 p.

11. Søvold LE, Naslund JA, Kousoulis AA, Saxena S, Qoronfleh MW, Grobler C, et al. Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: An Urgent Global Public Health Priority. Front Public Health. 2021;9(May):1–12.

12. Yue CA, Thelen PD, Walden J. How empathetic leadership communication mitigates employees’ turnover intention during COVID-19-related organizational change. Management Decision [Internet]. 2023 Jan 1;61(5):1413–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2022-0011

13. Rai GD, Verma S. Quality of work life, fear of COVID-19, job satisfaction, and commitment: a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1;ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-10-2021-0578

14. Maher AA, Elsharnouby TH, Aljafari AM. Consumer approach intentions amid COVID-19: the role of safety compliance and perceived risk. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1;34(3):972–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2021-0855

15. Meng Y, Dong L, Guan R, Zhang Y. An analysis of university students’ health information service needs from academic library in the post-COVID-19 age through Kano model. Library Hi Tech [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1;39(3):711–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-01-2021-0035

16. Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. La pandemia de COVID-19 aumenta en un 25% la prevalencia de la ansiedad y la depresión en todo el mundo [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide

17. Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. Depresión [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

18. Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2005 Dec [cited 2023 May 9];52(5):546–53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16268861/

19. Guirao Goris SJA. Utilidad y tipos de revisión de literatura. Ene [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Sep 19];9(2):0–0. Available from: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1988-348X2015000200002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

20. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2024 May 19];1(1):27–41. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9547031/

21. Maslach C, Jackson S. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 1986;(June 2015).

22. Urrútia G, Bonfill X. Declaración PRISMA: una propuesta para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Med Clin (Barc). 2010;135(11):507–11.

23. Hutton B, Catalá-López F, Moher D. La extensión de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas que incorporan metaanálisis en red: PRISMA-NMA. Med Clin (Barc). 2016;147(6):262–6.

24. Erik von Elm, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, Stuart J Pocock, Peter C Gøtzsche, Jan P Vandenbroucke. Declaración de la iniciativa STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology): directrices para la comunicación de estudios observacionales [Internet]. Vol. 82, Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2008. Available from: http://www.epidem.com/

25. Vandenbroucke JP, Von Elm E, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, et al. Mejorar la comunicación de estudios observacionales en epidemiología (STROBE): explicación y elaboración. Gac Sanit. 2009 Mar;23(2).

26. Guo Y, Hu S, Liang F. The prevalence and stressors of job burnout among medical staff in Liaoning, China: a cross-section study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1).

27. Li X, Jiang T, Sun J, Shi L, Liu J. The relationship between occupational stress, job burnout and quality of life among surgical nurses in Xinjiang, China. BMC Nurs. 2021;20(1):1–11.

28. Zhang Z, Lu Y, Yong X, Li J, Liu J. Effects of occupational radiation exposure on job stress and job burnout of medical staff in xinjiang, China: A cross-sectional study. Medical Science Monitor. 2020;27:1–13.

29. Kabakleh Y, Zhang JP, Lv M, Li J, Yang S, Swai J, et al. Burnout and associated occupational stresses among Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional study in three hospitals. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(9 September):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238699

30. Yuan Z, Yu D, Zhao H, Wang Y, Jiang W, Chen D, et al. Burnout of Healthcare Workers Based on the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Int J Public Health. 2021;66(February):599831.

31. Zhang X, Zhang L, Xue B, Li Y, Yan M, Luo H, et al. Effort–reward imbalance and well-being among psychiatric nurses: the mediating role of burnout and decent work. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1).

32. Qi H, Hongyan S, Song H, Zhihang Z, Ruiyin H, Youjia M, et al. The relationship between effort-reward imbalance and quality of working life among medical caregivers: mediating effects of job burnout. Front Psychol. 2024;15(July):1–11.

33. Adamis D, Minihan E, Hannan N, Doherty AM, McNicholas F. Burnout in mental health services in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open. 2023;9(6):1–11.

34. Hayes B, Prihodova L, Walsh G, Doyle F, Doherty S. Doctors don’t Do-little: A national cross-sectional study of workplace well-being of hospital doctors in Ireland. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):13–5.

35. Haire G, Prihodova L, Kilcullen S, Hayes B. Latent burnout profile analysis in hospital doctors in Ireland. PLoS One. 2024;19(8):1–12.

36. Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Jerg-Bretzke L, et al. Changes in Working Conditions and Mental Health Among Intensive Care Physicians Across a Decade. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11(March).

37. Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Viviani R, et al. Effort-Reward-Imbalance, Burnout, and Depression Among Psychiatrists 2006 and 2016-Changes After a Legislative Intervention. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12(April):1–12.

38. Sipos D, Jenei T, Kövesdi OL, Novák P, Freihat O, Tollár J, et al. Burnout and occupational stress among Hungarian radiographers working in emergency and non-emergency departments during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiography. 2023;29(3):466–72.

39. Németh Z, Deák P, Szűcs R, Makai A, Hock M. Validation of the Hungarian version of the 6-item turnover intention scale among elderly care workers. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024;14(1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66671-0

40. von Känel R, Princip M, Holzgang SA, Garefa C, Rossi A, Benz DC, et al. Coronary microvascular function in male physicians with burnout and job stress: an observational study. BMC Med [Internet]. 2023;21(1):1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03192-z

41. Jachens L, Houdmont J, Thomas R. Effort–reward imbalance and burnout among humanitarian aid workers. Disasters. 2019;43(1):67–87.

42. Schadenhofer P, Kundi M, Abrahamian H, Blasche G, Stummer H, Kautzky-Willer A. Job-related meaningfulness moderates the association between over-commitment and emotional exhaustion in nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2018;26(7):820–32.

43. Kerr P, Lupien S, Juster RP. Rx risk or resistance? Psychotropic medication use in relation to physiological and psychosocial functioning of psychiatric hospital workers. Psychoneuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2020;115(July 2019):104634. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104634

44. Alvarado LE, Bretones FD, Rodríguez JA. The Effort-Reward Model and Its Effect on Burnout Among Nurses in Ecuador. Front Psychol. 2021;12(November):1–6.

45. Sérole C, Auclair C, Prunet D, Charkhabi M, Lesage FX, Baker JS, et al. The Forgotten Health-Care Occupations at Risk of Burnout-A Burnout, Job Demand-Control-Support, and Effort-Reward Imbalance Survey. J Occup Environ Med [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Sep 30];63(7):E416–25. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/joem/fulltext/2021/07000/the_forgotten_health_care_occupations_at_risk_of.15.aspx

46. Christiansen F, Gynning BE, Lashari A, Johansson G, Brulin E. Associations between effort–reward imbalance and risk of burnout among Swedish physicians. Occup Med (Chic Ill). 2024;74(5):355–63.

47. Böckelmann I, Zavgorodnii I, Litovchenko O, Kapustnyk V, Thielmann B. Professional gratification crisis, overcommitment, and burnout among Ukrainian anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Ergon. 2023;73(2):64–74.

48. Hong Thai BT, Nhu Trang NT, Cam VT, Thu Trang L, Huyen Trang PT. Effort–reward ratio, over-commitment and burnout: a cross-sectional study among Vietnamese healthcare professionals. Cogent Psychol [Internet]. 2022;9(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2022.2075614

49. Donis J. Tipos de diseños de los estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos ( Types of clinical and epidemiologic study designs ) Resumen Introducción. Portal de revistas Universidad de los Andes [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2020 Aug 25];2(2):76–99. Available from: http://150.185.138.216/index.php/biomedicina/article/download/4410/4200

50. Gordis L. Epidemiología [Internet]. Elsevier; 2005 [cited 2018 Dec 1]. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=BNt2XqFGILIC&hl=es&source=gbs_similarbooks

Licencia

Cómo citar

Rodríguez-Romero , D. C., Ovalle-Quiroga , S. O., Bueno-Castro , D. D., Tamayo-Olmos , M. del P., Ruiz-Lurduy, R., & Rojas Rangel , J. (2025). Esfuerzo recompensa y Síndrome de Burnout en el Sector Salud, una Revisión Integrativa, 2018 a 2024. Revista Nova publicación científica En Ciencias biomédicas, 24(46), 203-227. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.10567

Descargar cita

Almétricas

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Declaración de privacidad.

Esfuerzo recompensa y Síndrome de Burnout en el Sector Salud, una Revisión Integrativa, 2018 a 2024

Cómo citar