Inteligência artificial e segurança humana digital: estudo comparado das políticas dos Estados Unidos, da China e da União Europeia

Administración del Ciberespacio de China. (2023). Medidas provisionales para la gestión de los servicios de inteligencia artificial generativa. https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm

Asociación de Auditoría y Control de Sistemas de Información (ISACA). (s. f.). ISACA interactive glossary. Consultado el 17 de julio de 2026. https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-glossary

Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB). (2025). Inteligencia artificial y ciudades: La carrera global hacia la regulación de los sistemas de inteligencia artificial. https://www.cidob.org/ca/publicacions/inteligencia-artificial-y-ciudades-la-carrera-global-hacia-la-regulacion-de-los

European Parliament. (2026, 7 de mayo). AI Act: Deal on simplification measures, ban on “nudifier” apps. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/es/press-room/20260427IPR42011/ai-act-deal-on-simplification-measures-ban-on-nudifier-apps

Federal Register. (2023, 1 de noviembre). Safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-11-01/pdf/2023-24283.pdf

Federal Register. (2025, 17 de enero). Advancing United States leadership in artificial intelligence infrastructure. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-01-17/pdf/2025-01395.pdf

Floridi, L y Cowls, J. (2019). A unified framework of five principles for AI in society. Harvard Data Science Review, 1(1). https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/l0jsh9d1/release/8

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IC4Peace. (2018). Human security in the age of AI: Securing and empowering individuals. https://ict4peace.org/publications/digital-human-security-202-0-human-security-in-the-age-of-ai-securing-and-empowering-individuals/

International Organization for Standardization. (2022). ISO/IEC 22989:2022. Information technology—Artificial intelligence—Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology. https://www.iso.org/standard/74296.html

Jobin, A., Ienca, M. y Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1, 389–399. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-019-0088-2

Ministerio de Justicia de China. (2024, 9 de enero). Interim measures for the administration of generative artificial intelligence service. https://www.moj.gov.cn/pub/sfbgw/flfggz/flfggzbmgz/202401/t20240109_493171.html

Ministry of Science and Technology of China. (2021, 26 de septiembre). Ethical code for the new generation of artificial intelligence. https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html

Murphy, B. (Ed.). (2021). Translation: Ethical norms for new generation artificial intelligence released. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University. https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/ethical-norms-for-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-released/

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). (2019). Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449

Parlamento Europeo y Consejo de la Unión Europea. (2024). Reglamento (UE) 2024/1689 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 13 de junio de 2024, por el que se establecen normas armonizadas en materia de inteligencia artificial y por el que se modifican los Reglamentos (CE) n.º 300/2008, (UE) n.º 167/2013, (UE) n.º 168/2013, (UE) 2018/858, (UE) 2018/1139 y (UE) 2019/2144 y las Directivas 2014/90/UE, (UE) 2016/797 y (UE) 2020/1828 (Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial). Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea, L, 2024/1689. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401689

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Real Academia Española. (2025). Inteligencia. En Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª ed.). Consultado el 25 de junio de 2025. https://dle.rae.es/inteligencia

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Siegmann, C. y Anderljung, M. (2022). The Brussels effect and artificial intelligence: How EU regulation will impact the global AI market. Centre for the Governance of AI. https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.12645

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State Council of the People’s Republic of China. (2017). A next generation artificial intelligence development plan. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm

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The White House. (2025, enero). Removing barriers to American leadership in artificial intelligence. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/

The White House. (2026, 2 de junio). Promoting advanced artificial intelligence innovation and security. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/06/promoting-advanced-artificial-intelligence-innovation-and-security/

Unesco. (2022). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137