Marcadores moleculares y diversidad genética en conejos:herramientas para la mejora y conservación

Karen Daniela Sandoval Chila; Camila Andrea  Lozada Gonzalez; Martha Lucía  Posada Buitrago

doi:10.22490/21456453.9980

Vol. 17 Núm. 1 (2026)

Publicado 02-12-2025

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Marcadores moleculares y diversidad genética en conejos:herramientas para la mejora y conservación

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.9980

Karen D. Sandoval Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca

Camila A. Lozada Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca

Martha L. Posada Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca

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Contextualización: La diversidad genética en conejos es un componente fundamental para asegurar la salud poblacional y optimizar parámetros productivos. Esta variabilidad reduce el riesgo de enfermedades vinculadas a la homocigosidad de alelos recesivos y mejora la calidad de la canal. A nivel global, países como China, Italia, España y Francia lideran la producción cunícola, mientras que en América Latina su consumo y producción siguen siendo reducidos. Por sus características nutricionales, alto contenido proteico, bajo nivel de colesterol y aporte de vitaminas y minerales, la carne de conejo representa una opción saludable frente a otras proteínas animales.
Vacío de conocimiento: Pese al creciente cuerpo de literatura, persisten vacíos importantes relacionados con la cobertura geográfica y la representación de razas. La mayoría de los estudios se han realizado en Europa, Asia y África del Norte, con escasa información procedente de América, África Subsahariana y Oceanía. Asimismo, existe una tendencia hacia el estudio de razas comerciales, en detrimento de las locales o criollas, cuya diversidad genética y adaptabilidad siguen siendo poco exploradas. Esta situación limita la comprensión integral del patrimonio genético del conejo.
Propósito: Realizar una revisión sistemática de las técnicas moleculares más utilizadas en el análisis de diversidad genética en conejos, con el fin de identificar las metodologías más efectivas para fortalecer la producción cunícola sostenible.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de artículos disponibles en bases de datos especializadas como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión definidos previamente, y los datos extraídos fueron organizados y analizados de forma descriptiva. Para la presentación gráfica se emplearon herramientas como Excel y Canva.
Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados muestran una predominancia en el uso de microsatélites, seguidos de ADN mitocondrial, SNPs, WGS y, en menor medida, marcadores dominantes como ISSR, SCoT y AFLP. Se concluye que, aunque surgen nuevas técnicas, los microsatélites continúan siendo los más aplicados en estudios de genética poblacional en conejos.
Palabras clave: Diagnóstico molecular; diversidad biológica; microsatélites; Oryctolagus cuniculus; recursos genéticos.

ABSTRACT
Contextualization: Genetic diversity in rabbits is a fundamental component for ensuring population health and optimizing productive traits. This variability reduces the risk of diseases associated with the homozygosity of harmful recessive alleles and improves carcass quality. Globally, countries such as China, Italy, Spain, and France lead rabbit production, while in America, both consumption and production remain limited. Due to its nutritional properties high protein content, low cholesterol levels, and significant contributions of vitamins and minerals rabbit meat represents a healthy alternative to other animal protein sources.
Knowledge gap: Despite the growing body of literature, important gaps remain in terms of geographic coverage and breed representation. Most studies have been conducted in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, with limited information from the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. Furthermore, there is a tendency to focus on commercial breeds, to the detriment of local or breeds, whose genetic diversity and adaptability are still poorly explored. This situation limits a comprehensive understanding of the genetic heritage of rabbits.

Purpose: Conduct a systematic review of the most widely used molecular techniques for analyzing genetic diversity in rabbits, in order to identify the most effective methodologies for strengthening sustainable rabbit production.
Methodology: A systematic review of articles available in specialized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was carried out. Predefined inclusion criteria were applied, and the extracted data were organized and analyzed descriptively. Excel and Canva were used for the graphical presentation of results.
Results and conclusions: The results show a predominance in the use of microsatellites, followed by mitochondrial DNA, SNPs, WGS, and, to a lesser extent, dominant markers such as ISSR, SCoT, and AFLP. It is concluded that, although new techniques are emerging,microsatellites continue to be the most widely applied markers in population genetics
studies in rabbits.
Keywords: Molecular diagnostics; biological diversity; microsatellites; Oryctolagus cuniculus; genetic resources

Palabras clave: Diagnóstico molecular, diversidad biológica, microsatélites, Oryctolagus cuniculus, recursos genéticos

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Sandoval Chila, K. D., Lozada Gonzalez, . C. A. ., & Posada Buitrago, M. L. . (2025). Marcadores moleculares y diversidad genética en conejos:herramientas para la mejora y conservación. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 17(1), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.9980

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