Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with post COVID-19 thromboembolic events in a tertiary level hospital in Colombia
This article deals with thromboembolic events, which trigger significant morbidity and mortality, high rates of hospital readmissions, poor patient quality of life, and considerable economic impact. The objective of the research was to epidemiologically characterize the risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 thromboembolic events in a third-level hospital in Colombia. For this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the review of 501 medical records of patients over 18 years of age who suffered a thromboembolic event during January 2021-December 2022. Clinical sociodemographic variables were studied and categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's or Chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effects of thromboembolic complications. Patient survival was analyzed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. P values <0.05 were considered significant. In the results, it was found that cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (OR=3.099; 95% CI:1.509-6.364, p=0.002) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR=3.921, 95% CI:1.577-9.708, p=0.003) were significant in patients with a clinical history of COVID-19 disease. CVA was positively associated with the death of the patients studied (OR=1.945; 95% CI:1.093-4.065, p=0.016). Patients over 71 years of age, hypertensive or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), had a higher risk of death from a thromboembolic event. It is concluded in this study that stroke and ischemic heart disease were the most frequent thromboembolic events. Survival was influenced by high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease (CKD) or COPD as risk factors associated with death from a thromboembolic event.
In patients with a history of COVID-19 infection, stroke and DVT were the most significant thromboembolic events.
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