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Environmental alternatives for the use of residual biomass of oil palm (elaeis guineensis) in industrial and agricultural processes
Colombia is positioned as the first producer of palm oil in Latin America and the fourth worldwide. During the extraction of palm oil, lignocellulosic residual biomass is generated such as empty fruit clusters (RFV), mesocarp fibers, palm shell; In addition, in the event of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and effluents with a high organic load (POME); which, by not being adequately processed, treated or disposed of, represent causes of environmental contamination. However, lignocellulosic residues and POME have attractive characteristics for use purposes through the transformation of biomass in thermochemical, physical and biological processes; such is the case of the production of composting and alternative energies such as second generation biofuels. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliographical review of the environmental effects of the inadequate management of residues from the extraction of palm oil and to identify alternatives for the use of this biomass for application in agricultural and industrial processes. As a result of this review, contamination in water sources, affectation of aquatic ecosystems and GHG emissions were identified. Finally, the feasibility of using the residual biomass of the palm industry as raw material in the production of composting, biochar, biogas, biooil and bioethanol was identified.
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