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Tendencias en biopolímeros como materiales de envase de productos farmacéuticos. Una revisión
Los biopolímeros provienen de elementos renovables de la naturaleza; es decir, son de origen bio base y se degradan por microorganismos naturales como bacterias, hongos y algas en condiciones ambientales. En la actualidad, estos biopolímeros se utilizan en el desarrollo de múltiples tecnologías en diferentes campos de investigación, por ejemplo: biomedicina, industria farmacéutica, empaque de alimentos y productos en general, entre otros. El objetivo de esta revisión consiste en identificar los diferentes biopolímeros que han sido resultado de investigaciones entre los años 2008 y 2022, establecer los países con mayor número de publicaciones, los materiales más investigados y las aplicaciones dadas a cada material. Finalmente se clasifican los biopolímeros según su forma de obtención y sus aplicaciones como envase en la industria farmacéutica. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se utilizó la metodología de análisis de contenido, apoyada en la hermenéutica general y el paradigma interpretativo. En los resultados se puede observar qué las publicaciones sobre biopolímeros están ascendiendo año a año, los materiales que más se implementan para su desarrollo son: Celulosa, Quitosan y Ácido Poliláctico, y sus aplicaciones más comunes son para empaque de alimentos, biomedicina y empaque en general. Se concluye que los avances científicos en la línea de lo biopolímeros son un buen escenario para disminuir el consumo de plásticos convencionales y con menor impacto ambiental, además de las garantías en campos como los empaques de alimentos, la biomedicina y para envases de productos farmacéuticos, dado que no son tóxicos y son biodegradables.
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