La  i/legitimidad de la justicia transicional: un análisis del rolde la prensa y de la política electoral en Colombia, Filipinas y Kenia

Alexandra Pérez Jiménez; Reynell Badillo Sarmiento

doi:10.22490/26655489.5909

Vol. 4 No. 8 (2022): Julio - Diciembre

Published

2022-07-28

PDF (Spanish)

HTML (Spanish)

Visor (Spanish)

XML (Spanish)

Epub (Spanish)

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Legitimizing transitional justice: an analysis on the role of the press and electoral politics in Colombia, the Philippines, and Kenya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5909

Section

Artículos

Alexandra Pérez Jiménez Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

Reynell Badillo Sarmiento Universidad de los Ándes

Usually, academic literature and some political sectors understand transitional justice as a desirable process, as it aspires to lead societies towards more just arrangements of organization and coexistence and to overcome violence. However, the adoption of alternative models of justice and the search for historical truths -sometimes not shared by society as a whole- may boost the emergence of old and new ideological cleavages and interest groups to discredit these processes. This article attempts to understand what the narrative frameworks were used by the press and electoral politics sectors to legitimize or delegitimize transitional justice mechanisms in Colombia (2016), the Philippines (2014), and Kenya (2008), respectively. For this, we analyzed 66 press pieces and 24 political statements, which we then classified among those supporting or resisting transitional justice. We found that the press can be a sounding board for the narratives adopted by politicians and that resistance to transitional justice mechanisms can seek to discredit them, but in other cases, it can be oriented to strengthen transitional processes. Thus, the il/legitimacy of transitional justice processes derives both from the ideological currents rooted in society, as well as from the interests of certain political actors threatened by the transition.

Transitional justice, National images, Colombia, the Philippines, Kenya

Abe, T. (2022). Unintended Consequences in Transitional Justice. Social Recovery at the Local Level. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Abinales, P. (2015). Philippines: A Peace Process Scuttled? Tony Blair Institute for Global Change.

ACNUR. (2004, 23 de agosto). The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies. Report of the Secretary-General. https://bit.ly/2L8k3Jc

Anders, G. y Zenker, O. (2014). Transition and Justice: An Introduction. Development and Change, 45(3), 395-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12096

Andresen, K., Hoxha, A. y Godole, J. (2017). New Roles for Media in the Western Balkans. Journalism Studies, 18(5), 614-628. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2016.1268928

Aolain, F. (2015). Southern Voices in Transitional Justice: A Critical Reflection on Human Rights and Transition. En U. Baxi., C. McCrudden., & A. Paliwala (eds.), Law’s Global and Theoretical Contexts: Towards a Festschrift for William Twining (73-89). Cambridge University Press.

Avruch, K. (2010). Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Problems in Transitional Justice and the Reconstruction of Identity. Transcultural Psychiatry, (47), 33-49.

Badillo, R. (2020). Política exterior y paz: ¿un juego en dos niveles? Desafíos, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.8012

Bell, C. (2009). Transitional Justice, Interdisciplinarity and the State of the ‘Field’ or ‘Non-Field’. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 3(1), 5-27. doi:10.1093/ijtj/ijn044

Bonacker, T. (2013). Global victimhood: On the Charisma of the victim in transitional justice processes. World Political Science Review, 9(1), 97-129. doi:10.1515/wpsr-2013-0005

Buckley-Zistel, S., Koloma Beck, T., Braun, C. y Mieth, F. (2014). Transitional justice theories: An introduction. En S. Buckley-Zistel, T. Koloma Beck, C. Braun y F. Mieth (eds.), Transitional Justice Theories (pp. 1-17). Routledge.

CEV. (s. f.). ¿Qué es la Comisión de la Verdad? Consultado el 20 de julio de 2022. https://bit.ly/3zk3DZu

Crocker, D. A. (1998). Transitional Justice and International Civil Society: Toward a Normative Framework. Constellations, 5(4), 492-517.

De Greiff, P. (2006). Justice and Reparations. En P. De Greiff (ed.), The Handbook of Reparations. Oxford University Press.

De Greiff, P. (2012). Theorizing transitional justice. En M. S. Williams (ed.), Transitional Justice (pp. 31-77). NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814794661.003.0002

Douzinas, C. (2005). Violence, justice, deconstruction. German Law Journal, (6), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200013535

Fletcher, L. E. y Weinstein, H. M. (2017). Transitional justice and the ‘plight’ of victimhood. En C. Lawther, L. Moffett y D. Jacobs (eds.), Research handbook on transitional justice (pp. 244-266). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Golčevski, N., von Engelhardt, J. y Boomgaarden, H. G. (2013). Facing the past: Media framing of war crimes in post-conflict Serbia. Media, War & Conflict, 6(2), 117-133. doi:10.1177/1750635213479206

Güiza, D. y Uprimny, R. (2016, 19 de septiembre). ¿Un acuerdo de impunidad? De Justicia. https://bit.ly/3PoCM4d

Gutiérrez-Sanín, F. (2020). ¿Un nuevo ciclo de la guerra en Colombia? Debate.

Hansen, T. (2013). Kenya’s power-sharing arrangement and its implications for transitional justice. The International Journal of Human Rights, 17(2), 307-327.

Hall, J., Kovras, I., Stefanovic, D. y Loizides, N. (2018). Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Towards Transitional Justice. Political Psychology, 39(2), 345-363. doi:10.1111/pops.12412

Hayner, P. B. (2011). Unspeakable truths: Transitional justice and the challenge of truth commissions: Routledge.

Herfroy-Mischler, A. (2016). When the past seeps into the present: The role of press agencies in circulating new historical narratives and restructuring collective memory during and after the Holocaust transitional justice. Journalism, 17(7), 823-844. doi:10.1177/1464884915592406

Human Rights Watch. (2008, 16 de marzo). Ballots to Bullets. Organized Political Violence and Kenya’s Crisis of Governance. https://bit.ly/3yO3b48

International Crisis Group. (2022, 18 de febrero). Southern Philippines: Fostering an Inclusive Bangsamoro. https://bit.ly/3IWLiF1

Jenkins, B., Subedi, D. B. y Jenkins, K. (2017). Reconciliation in conflict-affected communities: Practices and insights from the Asia-Pacific. Springer.

Justicia Especial para la Paz (JEP). (2019). Conozca la JEP. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3PmeGHa

Jones, B. y Bernath, J. (eds.). (2018). Resistance and transitional justice. Routledge.

Madlingozi, T. (2010). On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 2(2), 208-228. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huq005

McEvoy, K. (2007). Beyond legalism: Towards a thicker understanding of transitional justice. Journal of Law and Society, 34(4), 411-440. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2007.00399.x

Mumma-Martinon, C. (2022). Electoral systems, election outcomes and legal frameworks. Challenges to transitional justice processes in South Sudan, Rwanda and Uganda. En E. Opongo. y T. Murithi (eds.), Elections, Violence and Transitional Justice in Africa. Routledge.

Nagy, R. (2008). Transitional justice as global project: Critical reflections. Third World Quarterly, 29(2), 275-289.

Nalin, E. (2018). Transitional justice in Africa: Between the fight against impunity and peace maintenance. Peace Maintenance in Africa: Open Legal Issues (pp. 135-168). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72293-1

Low, N. K. Y. y Melatos, A. (2022). Discerning media bias within a network of political allies and opponents: The idealized example of a biased coin. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 590, 126722.

Obel Hansen, T. (2013). Kenya’s power-sharing arrangement and its implications for transitional justice. The International Journal of Human Rights, 17(2), 307-327. doi:10.1080/13642987.2013.752949

OACDH. (2014). Justicia de Transición y Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales. Naciones Unidas. https://bit.ly/3v7TMDL

Olusegun, J. (2022). The media and electoral violence in Kenya and Nigeria. Holding journalists accountable in transitional justice processes. En E. Opongo. y T. Murithi (eds.), Elections, Violence and Transitional Justice in Africa. Routledge.

Periódico UNAL. (2017, 29 de septiembre). Algunas modificaciones a la JEP garantizan la impunidad. https://bit.ly/3PZOsKL

Robins, S. (2012). Transitional Justice As An Elite Discourse. Human Rights Practice Where the Global Meets the Local in Post-Conflict Nepal. Critical Asian Studies, 44(1), 3-30. doi:10.1080/14672715.2012.644885

Rúa, C. (2015). Los momentos de la justicia transicional en Colombia. Revista de Derecho, Universidad del Norte, (43), 71-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.43.6270

Sánchez-Arévalo, N. (2022, 5 de julio). La Comisión de la Verdad sí escuchó a la Fuerza Pública y a víctimas de las FARC. Colombiacheck. https://bit.ly/3zlDzgz

Selim, Y. (2018). Contestation and resistance: the politics of and around transitional justice in Nepal. Conflict, Security & Development, 18(1), 39-60. doi:10.1080/14678802.2017.1420314

Semana. (2022, 29 de junio). Presidente Iván Duque recibió el informe final de la Comisión de la Verdad, invitó a debatirlo y dijo que “no es vinculante”. https://bit.ly/3PGCyoD

Sharp, D. (2022). Crisis, faith, and transformation in transitional justice. En M. Evans (ed.), Beyond transitional justice. Transformative justice and the state of the field (or non-field). Routledge.

Stahn, C. (2005). The Geometry of Transitional Justice: Choices of Institutional Design. Leiden Journal of International Law, 18(3), 425-466. doi:10.1017/S0922156505002827

Turner, C. (2013). Deconstructing Transitional Justice. Law Critique, (24), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-013-9119-z

United Nations. Secretary-General. (2010). Guidance Note of the Secretary-General. United Nations Approach to Transitional Justice. https://bit.ly/3aU9YkU

Van Zyl, P. (2005). Promoting Transitional Justice in Post-Conflict Societies. En A. Bryden y H. Hanggi (eds.), Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. https://bit.ly/3PmcTlj

Vivanco, J. M. (2016, 30 de septiembre). La promesa del acuerdo de paz en Colombia y sus graves defectos. Human Rights Watch. https://bit.ly/3PmDnU7

Wiebelhaus-Brahm, E. (2016). Goals and processes: the Arab world and the transitional justice impact literature. International Journal of Human Rights, 20(3), 426-443. doi:10.1080/13642987.2015.1107050

Willard, E. (2021). Beyond Transitional Justice: Learning from Indigenous Maya Mam Resistance in Guatemala. The International Justice of Transitional Justice, 15(3), 490-509. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab021

Pérez Jiménez, A., & Badillo Sarmiento, R. (2022). Legitimizing transitional justice: an analysis on the role of the press and electoral politics in Colombia, the Philippines, and Kenya. Análisis Jurídico - Político, 4(8), 167-222. https://doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5909

Download Citation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Los autores aceptan que la publicación de sus trabajos se hace a título gratuito y que, por lo tanto, se excluye cualquier posibilidad de retribución económica, en especie o de cualquier índole, por la publicación, distribución o cualquier otro uso que se haga de ellos. Todo el contenido de esta revista, a excepción de donde está identificado, está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons.

Published

Legitimizing transitional justice: an analysis on the role of the press and electoral politics in Colombia, the Philippines, and Kenya

H5

Keywords