Published 2025-07-15
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Área Agrícola

Effect of the use of microorganisms on physical and sensory quality in cocoa in northern Huila

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.8988
Adrian Rico Aristizabal Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje
Kevin Santiago Trujillo Guzmán SENA
Karen Julieth Lozano Rojas SENA
Claudia Mercedes Ordoñez Espinosa SENA
Kathryn Yadira Guzmán Pacheco SENA
Valentin Murcia Torrejano SENA

Contextualization: the use of microorganisms in fermentation is an option to potentiate aroma and flavor precursors. These benefits depend on the genetic material of the cocoa, fruit maturity, post-harvest handling, fermentation protocol, drying and roasting. 

Knowledge gap: validation of practices such as the use of microorganisms in northern Huila during fermentation, providing information on the benefits in physical quality and development of aroma and flavor precursors in cocoa. 

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the use of microorganisms on the physical and sensory quality of cocoa in northern Huila, under normal fermentation, pre-drying and pre-drying conditions.

Methodology: evaluations were carried out in six fermentation treatments comprising pre-drying, pre-drying and addition of two types of commercial yeasts Lalcocoa Forte™ and Lalcocoa Matunda™ of the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae strain; plus a control. Temperature, pH and Brix degrees were determined during the fermentation days. To determine these parameters, 15 cocoa beans were randomly selected from the fermentation boxes and taken to the food analysis laboratory for physical and sensory analysis. Likewise, the physical quality of the cocoa beans was evaluated through the cut test, where desired beans (completely fermented) and undesired beans (unfermented, slaty, sprouted) were identified according to the classification of NTC 1252 of 2021. The sensory analysis was developed with a cupping panel following the Cacao de Excelencia methodology.

Results and conclusions: the average conversion from wet to dry cocoa was 33,31%±0,66; with variations between 29 to 38,2%. The average bean index was 1,06, which corresponds to standard cocoa beans. The ranges for this variable were between 0,79 to 1,74; covering the three classifications found in NTC 1252 of 2021, premium (>120), standard (95-120) and current (<95). The desired (sufficiently fermented) and undesired (insufficiently fermented plus defects) grains did not present statistical difference between the means of the treatments (p > 0,05). The sensory analysis was developed using Ward's method and Gower's distance, where four groups were generated with a cophenetic correlation of 78,2 %, showing similarity and closeness between them according to the variables evaluated. Cluster 3 stands out for developing a better average balance between the main attributes (cocoa: 4,67; acidity: 4,67; bitterness: 3,67 and astringency: 3-3,67) and a higher overall quality score (between 6,17 and 6,5). The principal component analysis visualizes the main variables evaluated in the sensory analysis, which explains 70,6% of the variability of the data in CP1 and CP2. It is evident that T3, T4 and T5 presented greater diversity of complementary flavors.

keywords: aroma, attributes, flavor, fermentation, pH, temperature
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How to Cite

Rico Aristizabal, A., Trujillo Guzmán, K. S., Lozano Rojas, K. J. ., Ordoñez Espinosa, C. M. ., Guzmán Pacheco, K. Y. ., & Murcia Torrejano, V. . (2025). Effect of the use of microorganisms on physical and sensory quality in cocoa in northern Huila. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 16(2), 143-167. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.8988
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