Caracterización y análisis de la variabilidad genética de accesiones de morera (Morus spp) empleando marcadores microsatélites

Contextualization: The analysis of genetic diversity is essential to preserve and adequately harness genetic resources, both plant and animal, and it is transcendental for developing selection and improvement strategies to obtain promising materials.

Knowledge gap: There are few studies of characterization and analysis reported of genetic variability for mulberry Morus spp. in Colombia and need to be developed in order to provide information that enables refining and optimizing the management, use, and conservation of the available germplasm, contributing to the recovery and harnessing of these genetic resources’ potential.

Purpose: The research aimed to genetically characterize the mulberry, Morus spp., collection of the Cauca region sericulture project using microsatellite markers.

Methodology: 36 accessions belonging to the mulberry collection conserved at the Centro de Estudios Vegetales La Rejoya (Center for Plant Studies La Rejoya in English) of Universidad del Cauca were evaluated using ten microsatellites fluorescently labeled. The diversity and genetic structure parameters were evaluated. Additionally, the genetic relationships were determined through a cluster analysis.

Results and conclusions: 49 alleles were detected, with a mean PIC of 0.57, indicating the use of polymorphic and informative markers. The population structure analysis with the Bayesian (STRUCTURE v 2.3.4) and grouping methods (Neighbor-joining and PCoA) indicated three discrete population groups with significant genetic differentiation of 22% (AMOVA - Fst; p<0.001). It highlighted the finding of nineteen different genotypes, suggesting the presence of a high number of duplicate materials that will have to be evaluated for the possible elimination of redundant resources in the germplasm bank.

keywords: genetic diversity, population structure, germplasm, molecular marker, sericulture

Aggarwal, R., Udaykumar, D., Hendre, P., Sarkar, A., and Singh, L. (2004). Isolation and characterization of six novel microsatellite markers for mulberry (Morus indica). Molecular Ecology Resources, 4(3), 477-479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00718.x

Angelo, S., Sasson, A., Costarini, V., Aguilar, V., Ortiz, M., Sandoval, J., Colina, S., Fuguet, G., Verdú, R., and Garboza, L. (2013). Normas para bancos de germoplasma de recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura. FAO.

Botstein, D., White, R., Skolnick, M., and Davis, R. (1980). Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. American Journal of Human Genetics, 32(3), 314-331.

Brown, A., and Briggs, J. (1991). Sampling Strategies for Genetic Variation in Ex Situ Collections of Endangered Plant Species. In, Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants (pp. 99-119). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195064292.003.0007

Chacón, M., Sánchez Y., and Barrero, L. (2016). Genetic structure of a Colombian cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) collection by means of microsatellite markers. Agronomía Colombiana 34(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n1.52960

Cornejo, A., Serrato, A., Rendón, B., and Rocha, M.G. (2014). Herramientas moleculares aplicadas en ecología: aspectos teóricos y prácticos. [1 ed.], Semarnat, INECC y UAM, 1, 1-75.

Datta, R.K., Sarkar, A., Rao, P.R., and Singhvi, N.R. (2002). Utilization of mulberry as animal fodder in India. Mulberry for Animal Production: Proceedings of an Electronic Conference Carried Out Between May and August 2000, (183).

Dempewolf, H., Baute, G., Anderson, J., Kilian, B., Smith, C. and Guarino, L. (2017). Past and future use of wild relatives in crop breeding. Crop Science, 57(3), 1070-1082. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0885

Earl, D.A. and Vonholdt, B.M. (2012). Structure Harvester: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Conservation Genetics Resources, 4(2), 359-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9548-7

Ellegren, H., and Galtier, N. (2016). Determinants of genetic diversity. Nature Reviews Genetics 17, 422-433. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.58

Evanno, G., Regnaut, S., and Goudet, J. (2005). Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Molecular Ecology, 14(8), 2611-2620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x

Excoffier, L., and Lischer, H.E. (2010). Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10(3), 564-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x

Falush, D., Stephens, M., and Pritchard, J. K. (2007). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(4), 574-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01758.x

Falush, D., Stephens, M., and Pritchard, J. K. (2003). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies. Genetics, 164(4), 1567-1587. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1567

Frankel, O.H., Brown, A. H., and Burdon, J.J. (1995). The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge University Press.

García, B., González, H., Martínez, C., Cenis, L.J., Pérez, C.D., Martínez, Y., and Martínez, P. (2019). The molecular characterization of an extended mulberry germplasm by SSR markers. Genetika, 51(2), 389-403. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1902389G

García, M., López, A., Álvarez, S., Guarnizo, P., Tirado, I., Postillos, M., Araujo, I., and Siles, M. (2020). Análisis de diversidad genética de Physalis peruviana L. procedente de tres regiones de Perú utilizando marcadores microsatélites. Biotecnología Vegetal, 20(4), 326-337.

Guerra, M., Ruiz R., and Pardo, E. (2018). Diversidad genética de Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) en Valencia, Córdoba, Colombia, usando marcadores microsatélites. Acta Botánica Mexicana 124, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm124.2018.1285

Guruprasad, R.R. (2011). Development of core collection of mulberry (Morus spp.) germplasm by molecular marker aided analysis. [Thesis Doctor of Philosophy]. University of Mysore, India.

Herrera, J., Berdúo, J., Ruiz, J., Kalousova, M., and Melgar, S. (2021). Informe final: Estudio de diversidad genética del cedro nativo guatemalteco y establecimiento de una colección núcleo in vitro. Proyecto B21-2020. Instituto de Investigaciones Agronómicas (IIA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala.

Hubisz, M.J., Falush, D., Stephens, M., and Pritchard, J.K. (2009). Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(5), 1322-1332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x

Kalinowski, S.T., Taper, M.L., and Marshall, T.C. (2007). Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Molecular Ecology, 16(5), 1099-1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03089.x

Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., and Durán, C. (2012). Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28(12), 1647-1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199

Krishnan, R.R., Naik, V.G., Ramesh, S.R., and Qadri, S.M. (2014). Microsatellite marker analysis reveals the events of the introduction and spread of cultivated mulberry in the Indian subcontinent. Plant Genetic Resources, 12(1), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262113000415

Laos, A. (2022). Análisis de la diversidad genética de las poblaciones silvestres del cedro de altura Cedrela angustifolia utilizando marcadores moleculares. [Tesis Licenciatura]. Universidad Ricardo Palma, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Profesional de Biología. Lima (Perú).

Loo, J. (2011). Manual de genética de la conservación. Principios aplicados para la conservación de la diversidad biológica. CONAFOR.

Mathithumilan, B., Kadam, N., Biradar, J., Reddy, S., Ankaiah, M., Narayanan, M., Makarla, U., Khurana, P., and Sreeman, S. (2013). Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Morus spp. and assessment of their transferability to other closely related species. BMC Plant Biology, 13(194), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-13-194

Orhan, E., Meleksen, A., Eyduran, S., and Ercisli, S. (2020). Molecular characterization of mulberry genotypes and species in Turkey. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 48(2), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48211928

Peakall, R., and Smouse, P. (2012). GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. Bioinformatics, 28, 2537 - 2539. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460.

Peakall, R., and Smouse, P. (2006). GenAlEx 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6(1), 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x

Perrier, X., and Jacquemoud, J. (2015). DARwin software: Dissimilarity analysis and representation for windows (6.0). CIRAD. http://darwin.cirad.fr/

Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M., and Donnelly, P. (2000). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics, 155(2), 945-959. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.945

Rambaut A. (2014). FigTree, ver. 1.4.2. Program distributed by the autor. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree

Rauf. S., Teixeira da Silva, J., Khan, A., and Naveed, A. (2010). Consequences of plant breeding on genetic diversity. Intl J Plant Breeding, 4, 1-21.

Ruiz, X. (2022). Selección de Parentales de Gusano de Seda Bombyx Mori para el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético Serícola del Cauca. [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidad del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia.

Slatkin, M. (1985). Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow. Evolution, 39(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb04079.x

Sohn, K.W. (2014). Technical manual for tropical sericulture: practical technology to produce silkworm eggs and cocoons in the tropics. Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA).

Suárez, D., Herrera, J., Lara, A., and Parra, G. 2016. Diversidad y origen genético de poblaciones introducidas de bagre de canal (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818), en el centro occidental de México. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 44(3), 525-534. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol44-issue3-fulltext-11

Tikader, A., and Vijayan, K. (2010). Assessment of biodiversity and strategies for conservation of genetic resources in mulberry (Morus spp.). Tree and Forest Biodiversity. Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability, 4, 15-27.

Vijayan, K., Saratchandra, B., and Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2011). Germplasm conservation in mulberry (Morus spp.). Scientia Horticulturae, 128(4), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.11.012

Viteche, A. (2015). Ruta de transición agroecológica de unidades serícolas en el municipio de Timbío Cauca. [Tesis pregrado]. Universidad del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia.

Vivas, N., and Morales, S. (2005). Evaluación agronómica y producción de grano de diez accesiones de guandul (Cajanus cajan) en la meseta de Popayán-Cauca. Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial, 3(1), 36-40.

Wangari, N.P., Gacheri, K.M., Theophilus, M.M., and Lucas, N. (2013). Use of SSR markers for genetic diversity studies in mulberry accessions grown in Kenya. International Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research, 4(3), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBMBR11.057

Wani, S.A., Bhat, M.A., Malik, G.N., Zaki, F.A., Mir, M.R., Wani, N., and Bhat, K.M. (2013). Genetic diversity and relationship assessment among mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker profile. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(21), 3181-3187.

Zhao, W., Miao, X., Jia, S., Pan, Y., and Huang, Y. (2005). Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the mulberry, Morus L. Plant Science, 168(2), 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.09.020

license

How to Cite

Trochez, J. D. ., Paz, I. E. ., Almanza, M. ., & Ruiz, X. (2023). Characterization and analysis of the genetic variability of mulberry (Morus spp) accessions using microsatellite markers. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 15(1), 49-70. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.6555

Download Citation

Almétricas

Captures

Readers: 1

see details

Metrics

Archivos descargados

323