Copyright (c) 2023 Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
When RIAA receives the postulation of an original by its author, either through email or post mail, considers that it can be published in physical and/or electronic format and facilitates its inclusion in databases, newspaper archives and other systems and indexing process. RIAA authorizes the reproduction and citation of the Journal’s material, provided that explicitly indicates journal name, the authors, the article title, volume, number and pages. The ideas and concepts expressed in the articles are responsibility of the authors and in no case reflect the institutional policies of the UNAD.
Relationship between particulate matter, weather variables, and acute respiratory infections in the north zone of Ocaña
Contextualization: This research focuses on public health and air quality in the northern residential zone of the city of Ocaña, affected by a national road with slow traffic that causes high emissions of particulate matter (PM10).
Knowledge gap: The research addresses the following concerns: How do PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations relate in the zone? Where does the dispersion of PM10 emitted by mobile sources occur? What are the impacts of PM dispersal in the northern neighborhoods? What age groups have been significantly impacted by Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) due to climatic conditions and particulate matter?
Purpose: To analyze the correlation of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) with weather conditions and the degree of correspondence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the north zone of Ocaña, Colombia.
Methodology: Official information from 2018, 2019, and 2021 was used, including PM2.5 measurements using automated equipment. Variables related to ARIs were grouped by sex, age, and neighborhood, and they were related to particulate matter and meteorological conditions using multiple factor analysis (MFA) and linear regression models.
Results and conclusions: Results: The PM2.5/PM10 ratio is significant (Pearson r=0.812) and its concentrations are higher than allowed. PM10 had a significant correlation with wind, precipitation, and humidity (-0.51, -0.53, and -0.56). Women had more recorded cases of ARI than men, with a significant correlation (p<0.05) with PM10 and relative humidity, especially for ages one to four and over 60 years. Likewise, neighborhoods downwind and near the national road, showed higher cases of ARI and a greater significant correlation with PM10. In conclusion, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are significantly correlated with each other and influenced by climatic conditions in Ocaña. Their impacts on respiratory health are significant in children under five years of age, especially those residing in the direction of main PM10 dispersal.
Alcaldía municipal de Ocaña. (2015). Formulación del plan maestro de movilidad del municipio de Ocaña. https://ocananortedesantander.micolombiadigital.gov.co/sites/ocananortedesantander/content/files/000069/3450_plan_de_movilidad.pdf
Ali Akbarzadeh, M., Khaheshi, I., Sharifi, A., Yousefi, N., Naderian, M., Namazi, M. H., and Nickdoost, N. (2018). The association between exposure to air pollutants including PM 10, PM 2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentration and the relative risk of developing STEMI: A case-crossover design. Environmental Research, 16, 299-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.020
Arregocés, H. A., Rojano, R. & Restrepo, G. (2021). Impact of lockdown on particulate matter concentrations in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science of The Total Environment, 764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142874
Becklakea, M. R., & Kauffmann, F. (1999). Gender differences in airway behaviour over the human life span. Thorax, 54, 1119–1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.54.12.1119
Biglari, H., Mohammadi, S., Porazmey, M. J., Chuturkova, E. J., Khaniabadi, R. Z., Goudarzi, G., Mahboubi, M., Mohammadi, B. & Yari, A. R. (2017). Relationship between air particulate matter and meteorological parameters. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 26(6), 4047-4056.
Biancofiore, F., Busilacchio, M., Verdecchia, M., Tomassetti, B., Aruffo, E., Bianco, S., & Di Carlo, P. (2017). Recursive neural network model for analysis and forecast of PM10 and PM2. 5. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 8(4), 652-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.12.014
Byrne, M. P., & O’Gorman, P. A. (2018). Trends in continental temperature and humidity directly linked to ocean warming. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of Americans, 115(19). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722312115
Cao, Q., Rui, G., & Liang, Y. (2018). Study on PM2. 5 pollution and the mortality due to lung cancer in China based on geographic weighted regression model. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5844-4
Cataldo, R., Arancibia, M., Stojanova, J., y Papuzinski, C. (2019). Conceptos generales en bioestadística y epidemiología clínica: estudios observacionales con diseños transversal y ecológico. Medwave, 19(8), e7698. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2019.08.7698
Chen, C., Zhu, P., Lan, L., Zhou, L., Liu, R., Sun, Q., . . . Li, T. (2018). Short-term exposures to PM 2.5 and cause-specific mortality of cardiovascular health in China. Environmental Research, 161. 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.046
Colla, N. S., Botté, S. E., & Marcovecchio, J. E. (2021). Atmospheric particulate pollution in South American megacities. Environmental Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0105
Contreras, E. (2016). Evaluación de los efectos en salud relacionados con la contaminación del aire para el sector ciudadela norte de la ciudad de Ocaña, norte de Santander. [Trabajo de pregrado, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña]. Biblioteca digital Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña
Correal, M. E., Marthá, J. E., y Sarmiento, R. (2015). Influencia de la variabilidad climática en las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en Bogotá. Biomédica, 35(SPE), 130-138. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v35i0.2456
Cuello, J. A., Armesto, A. A., Hernández, C. J. D., y Pedraza, F. M. (2017). Hongos asociados al material particulado, en Ocaña Norte de Santander. Revista Ingenio, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.22463/2011642X.2126
Del Campo, N. M. S., y Matamoros, L. Z. (2020). Técnicas estadísticas multivariadas para el estudio de la causalidad en Medicina. Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, 24(2), 1-14.
Departamento Nacional de Estadística. [DANE]. (2018). Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda. Estadísticas, Bogotá. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/censo-nacional-de-poblacion-y-vivenda-2018
Dumas, A., Bernard, L., & Yannick Poquet, G. L. (2018). The role of the lung microbiota and the gut-lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol, 20(12). https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12966
Espinosa, M., y Franco, J. F. (2019). Gestión de la Calidad del Aire en Bogotá [Conferencia]. Foro nacional ambiental. Bogotá, Colombia. https://www.foronacionalambiental.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/MonicaEspinosaYJuanFranco-comprimido.pdf
Espinoza, J. F., Herrera, L. C., Remolina, B. R., & Pachón, J. E. (2017). Stimation of resuspended dust emission factors before, during and after road paving process in Bogotá. Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina, 27(1), 43-60. https://doi.org/10.18359/rcin.1797
Ezhilkumar, M. R., & Karthikeyan, S. (2020). Vertical Measurement of PM2. 5 and PM10 in Street Canyons and Cohort Health Risk Estimation at Chennai, South India. Environmental Engineering Science, 37(8), 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2019.0494
Feng, W., Li, H., Wanga, S., Lutterodt, N. V., An, J., Liu, Y., . . . Guo, X. (2019). Short-term PM10 and emergency department admissions for selective cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Beijing, China. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 213-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.066
Ferrero, F., Abrutzky, R., Ossorio, M. F., & Torres, F. (2019). Effects of contamination and climate in the Pediatric Emergency Department visits for acute respiratory infection in the City of Buenos Aires. Arch Argent Pediatr, 117(6), 368-374. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2019.eng.368
Fonseca, K. J., y Delgado, E. C. (2017). Inventario de emisiones por fuentes móviles en el perímetro urbano del municipio de Ocaña Norte de Santander. [Trabajo de pregrado, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña]. Biblioteca digital Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña
Gabbe, C. J., Oxlaj, E., & Wang, J. (2019). Residential development and near-roadway air pollution: Assessing risk and mitigation in San José, California. Journal of Transport & Health, 13, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.011
Galindo, N. E., Varea, N. M., & Crespo, J. (2018). Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean. Chemosphere, 201, 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.162
Gil, D. A., Peláeza, L. M., Jaramillo, T. Á., Correa, O. M. A., & Saldarriaga, M. J. C. (2020). Evaluating the impact of PM2. 5 atmospheric pollution on population mortality in an urbanized valley in the American tropic. Atmospheric Environment, 224. 117343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117343
Grisales, R. H., Montealegre, N., Piñeros, J. G., Ospina, D., y Nieto, E. (2022). Relación de PM2, 5 y Enfermedad Respiratoria Aguda en un territorio de Colombia: Modelos Aditivos Generalizados. Universidad y Salud, 24(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.222401.256
Han, L., Zhou, W., Li, W., & Qian, Y. (2017). Global population exposed to fine particulate pollution by population increase and pollution expansion. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 10(10), 1221-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0506-8
He, M., Chen, J., He, Y., Li, Y., Long, Q., Qiao, Y., & Zhang, K. (2021). Trends and Source Contribution Characteristics of SO2, NOX, PM10 and PM2.5 Emissions in Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2017. Atmosphere, 12(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020189
Hernández, C. Z., Giraldo, G. D., & Tobón, R. B. (2020). Physicochemical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Medellín, Colombia, and its Use in an-In Silico Study of Ventricular Action Potential. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04884-5
Hime, N. J., Marks, G. B., & Cowie, C. T. (2018). A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(6), 508 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061206
Houston, A. R., Lynch, K., Ostrach, B., & Isaacs, Y. S. (2020). United States immigration detention amplifies disease interaction risk: A model for a transnational ICE-TB-DM2 syndemic. Global Public Healt,1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1919737
Hwa H. G., WeiTu, T. C., Wang, C., Chang, S. C., Yu, J. Y., Lin, G. Y., . . . Tsai, C. J. (September de 2021). Long-term evaluation and calibration of three types of low-cost PM2. 5 sensors at different air quality monitoring stations. Journal of Aerosol Science, 157, 105829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105829
Instituto Departamental de Salud. [IDS]. (2019). Informe de comportamiento de eventos de interés en salud pública. Norte de Santander. Semanas epidemiológicas. Informe de salud, Instituto Departamental de Salud, Cúcuta. http://salasituacionalidsnds.weebly.com/informacioacuten.html
Jaykaran Charan, P. B., Dutta, S., Kaur, R., Bist, S. K., Detha, M. D., Kanchan, T., . . . Sharma, P. (2020). Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Home Remedies by COVID-19 Patients: A Telephonic Survey. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 36(1), 108-111. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12291-020-00931-4
Jeong, C. H., Wang, J. M., Hilker, N., Jerzy Debosz, U. S., Su, Y., Noble, M., . . . J. Evans, D. H. (2019). Temporal and spatial variability of traffic-related PM2.5 sources: Comparison of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Atmospheric Enviroment, 198, 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.038
Jo, E. J., Lee, W. S., Jo, H. Y., Chang Hoon Kim, J. S., Mok, J. H., Kim, M. H., . . . Park, H. K. (2017). Effects of particulate matter on respiratory disease and the impact of meteorological factors in Busan, Korea. Respiratory Medicine, 124, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2017.02.010
Johnston, R. B. (2021). An overview of the innate immune system. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-the-innate-immune-system#topicContent
Kakareka, S., & Salivonchyk, S. (2020). Assessment of atmospheric pollutant dispersion from mobile sources in Antarctica: a case study of Vecherny Oasis. Polar Geography, 43(4), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2020.1766591
Kaur, N., Bisht, B., & Kaur, M. (2021). Self Medication Practices among Youngsters: A Global Health Concern. Medico-legal Update, 21(1).
Liu, J., Wang, W., Chen, Y. E., & Ping, C. C. (2019). Age Structures and Air Pollution: What Role Does Gender Play. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 14(1).
López, M. J., y Vega, A. F. (2019). Estrategias de mejoramiento de la calidad del aire en ciudades con problemas de contaminación. [Monografía. Especialización en gestión ambiental, Universidad de Antioquia]. Biblioteca digital de la universidad de Antioquia.
Ma, Y., Yue, L., Liu, J., He, X., Li, L., Niu, J., & Luo, B. (2020). Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China. BMC Public Health, 20(816), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08933-w
Mahapatra, B., Monika Walia1, W. R., & Saggurti, N. (2020). Effect of exposure to PM10 on child health: evidence based on a large-scale survey from 184 cities in India. BMJ global health, 5(8). 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002597
Mangones, S. C., Jaramillo, P., Rojas, N. Y., & Fischbeck, P. (2020). Air pollution emission effects of changes in transport supply: the case of Bogotá, Colombia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(29), 35971–35978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08481-1
Mani, S. A., Mani, F. S., Kumar, A., Shah, S., & Peltier, R. E. (2020). Traffic related PM2. 5 air quality: Policy options for developing Pacific Island countries. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 87, 102519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102519
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Mannucci, P. M., & Franchini, M. (2017). Health effects of ambient air pollution in developing countries. International journal of environmental research and public health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(9), 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091048
Mansour, E., Vishinkin, R., Rihet, S., Saliba, W., Fish, F., Sarfati, P., & Haick, H. (2020). Measurement of temperature and relative humidity in exhaled breath. Sensors and actuators B: Chemical, 304, 127371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127371
Molina, G. N. I., Parada, R. S., Arévalo, J. L., & Jiménez, P. A. (2021). Analysis of incidence of air quality on human health: a case study on the relationship between pollutant concentrations and respiratory diseases in Kennedy, Bogotá. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-020-01955-4
Mukherjee, A., & Agrawal, M. (2017). A global perspective of fine particulate matter pollution and its health effects. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44, 5-51 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/398_2017_3
Nascimento, A. P., Santos, J. M., Mill, J. G., Albuquerque, T. T., Júnior, N. C., AnselmoReisen, V., & Page, É. C. (2020). Association between the incidence of acute respiratory diseases in children and ambient concentrations of SO2, PM10 and chemical elements in fine particles. Environmental Research, 188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109619
Nino, G., Martínez, C. E., & Gutiérrez, M. J. (2021). Early Microbial–Immune Interactions and Innate Immune Training of the Respiratory System during Health and Disease. Children, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050413
Ntziachristos, L., y Samaras, Z. (2019). Guía de inventario de emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos. Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente.
Roy, G. R. I., Rivas, R, R., Pérez, R. M., y Palacios, C. L. (2019). Correlación: no toda correlación implica causalidad. Revista Alergia México, 66(3), 354-360.
O’Grady, K. A., Kerry, A. B., Anne, C., & Potter, C. (2018). Review of respiratory diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin, 18(2). https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119551/
Pabón, S. (2019). Contrabando de combustible en Norte de Santander: Complizidad fronteriza.
Phillips, B. B., Bullock, J. M., L. Osborne, J., & Gaston, K. J. (2021). Spatial extent of road pollution: A national analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145589
Pineda, D. A. (2018). Análisis de la concentración de material particulado PM10 y PM2.5 en la ciudad de Manizales. [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Nacional]. Biblioteca digital Universidad Nacional.
Pineda, Y. C., y Santiago, L. F. (2017). Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica respecto al material particulado menor a 10μm, en el casco urbano del municipio de Ocaña, norte de Santander. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña]. Biblioteca digital de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña.
Posada, E., Gómez, M., y Almanza, J. (2017). Análisis comparativo y modelación de las situaciones de calidad del aire en una muestra de ciudades del mundo. Comparación con el caso de Medellín. Revista Politécnica, 13(25). 9-29. https://doi.org/10.33571/rpolitec.v13n25a1
Putri, M. S., & Susanna, D. (2019). The Effectiveness of Health Promotion on Knowledge of Mothers about Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Mipiran Village, Padamara Public Health Center [Conferencia]. The 2nd International Meeting of Public Health 2016: Public Health Perspective of Sustainable DevelopmentGoals: Challenges and Opportunities in Asia Pacific Region, KnE Life Sciences, pages 123–128.
Quintana, G. R., Polo, G. R., y Santodomingo, N. A. (2020). Modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para estimar concentración de pm1. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 35(1). 179-194. https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2019.35.01.13
Reza, P. Z., Kingham, S., & Pearce, J. (2005). Evaluation of a year-long dispersion modelling of PM10 using the mesoscale model TAPM for Christchurch, New Zealand. Science of The Total Environment, 349, 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.037
Rodríguez, V., Gama, C., Ascenso, A., K. Oliveira, Coelho, S., Monteiro, A., . . . López, M. (2021). Assessing air pollution in European cities to support a citizen centered approach to air quality management Science of The Total Environment. Science of The Total Environment, 799. 149311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149311
Rodríguez. V. L. A. (2018). Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory and circulatory morbidity in Colombia 2011–2014: A multi-city, time-series analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8). https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/8/1610
Sahanavin, N., Prueksasit, T., & Tantrakarnapa, K. (2018). Relationship between PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in high-traffic area determined using path analysis and linear regression. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 69, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.01.017
Santos, P. D., Silva, F. C., Santos, B. W., & Schivinski, a. I. (2019). Early childhood education professionals’ knowledge about prevention, detection and treatment of acute respiratory infections in children. Acta Scuentiarum. Health Sciences, 41, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v41i1.43759
Saygın, M., Taner Gonca, 2. Ö., Has, M., Çalışkan, S., Has, Z. G., & Akkaya, A. (2017). To Investigate the Effects of Air Pollution (PM10 and SO2) on the Respiratory Diseases Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Turkish Thoracic Journal, 18(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2017.16016
Sistema de alertas tempranas ante inundaciones y sequias como medida de adaptación al cambio climático en el departamento de Norte de Santander [SATC] (2021). Incendios https://www.satcnortedesantander.gov.co/#no-back-button
Sorensen, G. L. (2018). Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Frontiers in medicine. Pulmonary medicine, 5(18). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00018
Soriano, J. B., Kendrick, P. J., Paulson, K. R. (2020). Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8, 585-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30105-3
Sosa, B. S., Porta, A., Lerner, J. E. C., Noriega, R. B., & Massolo, L. (2017). Human health risk due to variations in PM10-PM2. 5 and associated PAHs levels. Atmospheric environment, 160, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.004
Téllez, L. E. (2019). Calidad de la atención médica y adherencia a la guía de manejo colombiana de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en el Hospital Universitario de Santander: periodo 2014-2015. Medicas UIS, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v32n2-2019003
Tipanluisa, L. E., y Reina, S. W. (2017). Emisiones Contaminantes de un Motor de Gasolina Funcionando a dos Cotas con Combustibles de dos Calidades. Información tecnológica, 28(1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642017000100002
Thabethe, N. D., & Wichmann, K. V. (2021). Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-13778-w
Tobón, L. A., y Cardona-Arias, J. A. (2018). Evaluación de la calidad de los servicios médicos según las dimensiones del SERVQUAL en un hospital de Colombia. Archivos de medicina, 14(44).
Uttajug, A., Ueda, K., Oyoshi, K., Honda, A., & Takano, H. (2021). Association between PM10 from vegetation fire events and hospital visits by children in upper northern Thailand. Science of The Total Environment, 764, 142923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142923
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345329. Licencia: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Xue Li, 1. P., Chan, K. Y., Campbell, H., Theodoratou, E., & Rudan, I. (June de 2020). The disease burden of childhood asthma in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of global health, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.7189/2Fjogh.10.01081
Xue, F., & Li, X. (2017). The impact of roadside trees on traffic released PM10 in urban street canyon: Aerodynamic and deposition effects. Sustainable cities and society, 30, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.001
Yang Shen, X. Z., Cai Chen, Q. L., Li, X., Qu, W., Xuejian Liu, L. Z., & Chang, S. (January de 2021). The relationship between ambient temperature and acute respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Shenyang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 20058-20071. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-11934-2
Yu, W., Guo, Y., Shi, L., & Li, S. (2018). The association between long-term exposure to low-level PM2. 5 and mortality in the state of Queensland, Australia: A modelling study with the difference-in-differences approach. PLoS medicine, 17(6), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003141
Zafra, C., Suárez, J., & Pachón, J. E. (January de 2021). Public Health Considerations for PM10 in a High-Pollution Megacity: Influences of Atmospheric Condition and Land Coverage. Atmosphere, 12(1), 118. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/118
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
When RIAA receives the postulation of an original by its author, either through email or post mail, considers that it can be published in physical and/or electronic format and facilitates its inclusion in databases, newspaper archives and other systems and indexing process. RIAA authorizes the reproduction and citation of the Journal’s material, provided that explicitly indicates journal name, the authors, the article title, volume, number and pages. The ideas and concepts expressed in the articles are responsibility of the authors and in no case reflect the institutional policies of the UNAD.