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Multipurpose woody plants diversity in productive coffee systems
Contextualization: Anthropogenic processes, as the inadequate management of productive systems, and the increase of the agricultural border are the causes of the reduction in productivity, biodiversity and ecosystemic services. As an alternative come up agroforestry, which allows obtaining different goods and services on the ecosystems where is applied.
Knowledge gap: Woody plants in coffee cultivation (Coffea arabica L.), contributes to the sustainable development and conservation of the multiple benefits in the environmental, productive, socioeconomic, biological, ethological, protective, aesthetic functions, among others, of the crops. However, coffee cultivators of the south of the department of Nariño have a lack of knowledge about the biodiversity, and so of the services and goods provided by these kinds of productive systems.
Purpose: The purpose of this work was to compare four kinds of productive systems and characterize the shade canopy, calculate the diversity indices, and estimate the percentage of shade to know the production and volume resulting of woody associating on productive coffee systems in three municipalities of Nariño.
Methodology: Was developed in four productive systems a random complete blocks design (3 x 4), constituted by four treatments: T1: coffee in full sun; T2: coffee and musaceae; T3: coffee, woody multipurpose plants; T4: coffee, musaceae, woody multipurpose plants. Density, diversity indices, shade percentage, production and volume of wood were measured.
Results and conclusions: A total of 359 individuals were registered, distributed in 37 species. The highest density was obtained in T4 (108 trees/ha). The highest ecological weight (57.7 %) was found in T3, represented by the species Fraxinus chinenesis Roxb. In T4, high Shannon indices, low Simpson indices (1.9 and 0.2) and a higher percentage of shade (57,7 %) were observed. Coffee production ranged between 1050-3300kg year-1 ha-1. As conclusion, the agroforestry systems obtain a better economic stability and increase the economic and social benefits of the plantations, being a great tool in the adaptation and mitigation of climatic change on farms that can obtain a great participation in the market of sustainable special coffee.
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