Copyright (c) 2021 Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
When RIAA receives the postulation of an original by its author, either through email or post mail, considers that it can be published in physical and/or electronic format and facilitates its inclusion in databases, newspaper archives and other systems and indexing process. RIAA authorizes the reproduction and citation of the Journal’s material, provided that explicitly indicates journal name, the authors, the article title, volume, number and pages. The ideas and concepts expressed in the articles are responsibility of the authors and in no case reflect the institutional policies of the UNAD.
Vacunas para parásitos gastrointestinales, un pilar de la medicina preventiva en la práctica veterinaria: revisión sistemática
Contextualization: The antiparasitic resistance caused by the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in production animals and pets, has become one of the biggest problems in animal health. For this reason, the use of vaccines could benefit animal health and welfare by controlling emerging zoonotic diseases and foodborne pathogens of animal origin, thus improving public health.
Knowledge gap: It is relevant for professionals in veterinary science to know the clinical trials of experimental vaccines for controlling certain gastrointestinal parasites. This way, they can be at the forefront of the next available technological products and so, be able to control this menace to the animal health and public health.
Purpose: To do a systematic review of clinical trials for experimental vaccines in production animals and pets for diseases caused by gastrointestinal parasites of relevance in animal production and/or public health. Furthermore, it presents the current gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines commercialized in different countries and their prophylactic efficacy.
Methodology: PRISMA protocols were followed for this systematic review. Articles were obtained from scientific databases with the following keywords: vaccines, clinical trials, commercial vaccines, parasites control, gastrointestinal nematodes, gastrointestinal cestodes, gastrointestinal protozoa, Ascaris suum, Ancylostoma caninum, Cooperia oncophora, Echinococcus granulosus, Eimeria spp., Giardia lamblia, Haemonchus contortus, Osteortagia osteortagi, Taenia solium and Teladorsagia circumcincta. Only clinical trials of gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines in birds, pets, pigs and ruminants were included in this analysis, as well as commercial vaccines currently available for these same parasites.
Results and conclusions: Even though there are important clinical trial studies of vaccines in these animal species (n=101) reported between 1964 to 2020, only five parasites can be prevented/controlled with commercial vaccines used in veterinary medicine: Haemonchus contortus and Echinococcus granulosus in ruminants, Taenia solium in pigs, Eimeria spp. in birds and Giardia lamblia in dogs (e.g., Cysvax™, Barbervax®, Providean® Hidatil EG95, CocciVac® and GiardiaVax™). It is expected that, with the development of bioinformatics and methodologies such as reverse vaccinology, this immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic range will be extended as to control these parasitic agents of great importance in human and animal health.
Anvari, D., Rezaei, F., Ashouri, A., Rezaei, S., Majidiani, H., Pagheh, A. S., Rezaei, F., Shariatzadeh, S. A., Fotovati, A., Siyadatpanah, A., Gholami, S., & Ahmadpour, E. (2020). Current situation and future prospects of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine candidates: A systematic review. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 10.1111/tbed.13772. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13772
Assana, E., Kyngdon, C. T., Gauci, C. G., Geerts, S., Dorny, P., De Deken, R., Anderson, G. A., Zoli, A. P., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2010). Elimination of Taenia solium transmission to pigs in a field trial of the TSOL18 vaccine in Cameroon. International journal for parasitology, 40(5), 515–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.01.006
Bartelt, L. A., & Platts-Mills, J. A. (2016). Giardia: a pathogen or commensal for children in high-prevalence settings?. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 29(5), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000293
Biopharm. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bri.cz/en/products/ livacox-vaccines.
Blake DP, Pastor-Fernández I, Nolan MJ, Tomley FM. (2017). Recombinant anticoccidial vaccines - a cup half full?. Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases, 55, 358–365. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.009
Boag, P. R., Parsons, J. C., Presidente, P. J., Spithill, T. W., & Sexton, J. L. (2003). Characterisation of humoral immune responses in dogs vaccinated with irradiated Ancylostoma caninum. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 92(1-2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00006-0
Borloo, J., De Graef, J., Peelaers, I., Nguyen, D. L., Mitreva, M., Devreese, B., Hokke, C. H., Vercruysse, J., Claerebout, E., & Geldhof, P. (2013). In-depth proteomic and glycomic analysis of the adult-stage Cooperia oncophora excretome/secretome. Journal of proteome research, 12(9), 3900–3911. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr400114y
Britton, C., Emery, D. L., McNeilly, T. N., Nisbet, A. J., & Stear, M. J. (2020). The potential for vaccines against scour worms of small ruminants. International journal for parasitology, 50(8), 533–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.003
Budke, C. M., Deplazes, P., & Torgerson, P. R. (2006). Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerging infectious diseases, 12(2), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1202.050499
Cai, X., Yuan, G., Zheng, Y., Luo, X., Zhang, S., Ding, J., Jing, Z., & Lu, C. (2007). Effective production and purification of the glycosylated TSOL18 antigen, which is protective against pig cysticercosis. Infection and immunity, 76(2), 767–770. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00444-07
Claerebout, E., & Geldhof, P. (2020). Helminth Vaccines in Ruminants: From Development to Application. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 36(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.10.001
Corwin R. M. (1997). Economics of gastrointestinal parasitism of cattle. Veterinary parasitology, 72(3-4), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00110-6
Dalimi, A., Motamedi, G., Hosseini, M., Mohammadian, B., Malaki, H., Ghamari, Z., & Ghaffari Far, F. (2002). Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in western Iran. Veterinary parasitology, 105(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00005-5
de Aluja, A. S., Villalobos, N. M., Nava, G., Toledo, A., Martínez, J. J., Plancarte, A., Rodarte, L. F., Fragoso, G., & Sciutto, E. (2005). Therapeutic capacity of the synthetic peptide-based vaccine against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs. Vaccine, 23(31), 4062–4069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.076
Díaz, M. A., Villalobos, N., de Aluja, A., Rosas, G., Goméz-Conde, E., Hernández, P., Larralde, C., Sciutto, E., & Fragoso, G. (2003). Th1 and Th2 indices of the immune response in pigs vaccinated against Taenia solium cysticercosis suggest various host immune strategies against the parasite. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 93(3-4), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00071-0
Diaz, V. M. (2017). Pharmacological treatment of giardiasis [PDF]. In Rodriguez, A. J. (Ed.), Current Topics in Giardiasis (pp. 133–145). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71803
Ding, X., Lillehoj, H. S., Dalloul, R. A., Min, W., Sato, T., Yasuda, A., & Lillehoj, E. P. (2005). In ovo vaccination with the Eimeria tenella EtMIC2 gene induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. Vaccine, 23(28), 3733–3740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.144
East, I. J., Berrie, D. A., & Fitzgerald, C. J. (1988). Oesophagostomum radiatum: successful vaccination of calves with an extract of in vitro cultured larvae. International journal for parasitology, 18(1), 125–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90047-1
Ehsan M, Hu RS, Liang QL, Hou JL, Song X, Yan R, Li X. 2020. Advances in the development of anti-Haemonchus contortus vaccines: Challenges, opportunities, and perspectives. Vaccines 8, 555. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030555
Emery, D. L., McClure, S. J., & Wagland, B. M. (1993). Production of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock. Immunology and cell biology, 71 (Pt 5), 463–472. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.1993.52
Fujiwara, R. T., Loukas, A., Mendez, S., Williamson, A. L., Bueno, L. L., Wang, Y., Samuel, A., Zhan, B., Bottazzi, M. E., Hotez, P. J., & Bethony, J. M. (2006). Vaccination with irradiated Ancylostoma caninum third stage larvae induces a Th2 protective response in dogs. Vaccine, 24(4), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.091
Fujiwara, R. T., Zhan, B., Mendez, S., Loukas, A., Bueno, L. L., Wang, Y., Plieskatt, J., Oksov, Y., Lustigman, S., Bottazzi, M. E., Hotez, P., & Bethony, J. M. (2007). Reduction of worm fecundity and canine host blood loss mediates protection against hookworm infection elicited by vaccination with recombinant Ac-16. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 14(3), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00404-06
Garcia, H. H., Gonzalez, A. E., Tsang, V. C., O'Neal, S. E., Llanos-Zavalaga, F., Gonzalvez, G., Romero, J., Rodriguez, S., Moyano, L. M., Ayvar, V., Diaz, A., Hightower, A., Craig, P. S., Lightowlers, M. W., Gauci, C. G., Leontsini, E.,
Gilman, R. H., & Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (2016). Elimination of Taenia solium Transmission in Northern Peru. The New England journal of medicine, 374(24), 2335–2344. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1515520
Gasbarre, L. C., & Douvres, F. W. (1987). Protection from parasite-induced weight loss by the vaccination of calves with excretory-secretory products of larval Oesophagostomum radiatum. Veterinary parasitology, 26(1-2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(87)90080-x
Gauci, C. G., Jayashi, C. M., Gonzalez, A. E., Lackenby, J., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2012). Protection of pigs against Taenia solium cysticercosis by immunization with novel recombinant antigens. Vaccine, 30(26), 3824–3828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.019
Geldhof, P., Claerebout, E., Knox, D., Vercauteren, I., Looszova, A., & Vercruysse, J. (2002). Vaccination of calves against Ostertagia ostertagi with cysteine proteinase enriched protein fractions. Parasite immunology, 24(5), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2002.00461.x
Geldhof, P., Vercauteren, I., Vercruysse, J., Knox, D. P., Van Den Broeck, W., & Claerebout, E. (2004). Validation of the protective Ostertagia ostertagi ES-thiol antigens with different adjuvantia. Parasite immunology, 26(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00681.x
Ghosh, K., Hawdon, J., & Hotez, P. (1996). Vaccination with alum-precipitated recombinant Ancylostoma-secreted protein 1 protects mice against challenge infections with infective hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) larvae. The Journal of infectious diseases, 174(6), 1380–1383. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/174.6.1380
Gilbert W, Bellet C, Blake DP, Tomley FM, Rushton J. (2020). Revisiting the Economic Impacts of Eimeria and Its Control in European Intensive Broiler Systems With a Recursive Modeling Approach. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, 757. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.558182
Gonzalez, A. E., Gauci, C. G., Barber, D., Gilman, R. H., Tsang, V. C., Garcia, H. H., Verastegui, M., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2005). Vaccination of pigs to control human neurocysticercosis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 72(6), 837–839.
González-Hernández, A., Van Coppernolle, S., Borloo, J., Van Meulder, F., Paerewijck, O., Peelaers, I., Leclercq, G., Claerebout, E., & Geldhof, P. (2016). Host protective ASP-based vaccine against the parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi triggers NK cell activation and mixed IgG1-IgG2 response. Scientific reports, 6, 29496. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29496
González-Sánchez, M. E., Cuquerella, M., & Alunda, J. M. (2018). Vaccination of lambs against Haemonchus contortus with the recombinant rHc23. Effect of adjuvant and antigen dose. PloS one, 13(3), e0193118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193118
Grosso, G., Gruttadauria, S., Biondi, A., Marventano, S., & Mistretta, A. (2012). Worldwide epidemiology of liver hydatidosis including the Mediterranean area. World journal of gastroenterology, 18(13), 1425–1437. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i13.1425
Heath, D. D., Robinson, C., Shakes, T., Huang, Y., Gulnur, T., Shi, B., Zhang, Z., Anderson, G. A., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2012). Vaccination of bovines against Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis). Vaccine, 30(20), 3076–3081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.073
Hein, W. R., & Harrison, G. B. (2005). Vaccines against veterinary helminths. Veterinary parasitology, 132(3-4), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.006
Heldens, J. G., Patel, J. R., Chanter, N., Ten Thij, G. J., Gravendijck, M., Schijns, V. E., Langen, A., & Schetters, T. P. (2008). Veterinary vaccine development from an industrial perspective. Veterinary journal (London, England: 1997), 178(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.009
Herd, R. P., Chappel, R. J., & Biddell, D. (1975). Immunization of dogs against Echinococcus granulosus using worm secretory antigens. International journal for parasitology, 5(4), 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(75)90004-1
Hotez, P. J., Hawdon, J. M., Cappello, M., Jones, B. F., Ghosh, K., Volvovitz, F., & Xiao, S. H. (1996). Molecular approaches to vaccinating against hookworm disease. Pediatric research, 40(4), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199610000-00001
Immucox. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.immucox.com/Range.
Innes, E. A., Bartley, P. M., Rocchi, M., Benavidas-Silvan, J., Burrells, A., Hotchkiss, E., Chianini, F., Canton, G., & Katzer, F. (2011). Developing vaccines to control protozoan parasites in ruminants: dead or alive?. Veterinary parasitology, 180(1-2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.036
Jacob, S. S., Cherian, S., Sumithra, T. G., Raina, O. K., & Sankar, M. (2013). Edible vaccines against veterinary parasitic diseases--current status and future prospects. Vaccine, 31(15), 1879–1885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.022
Jaramillo D. A., Salazar L.F., Baquero M.M., Pinheiro C.S., Alcantara-Neves N.M. 2020. Toxocariasis and Toxocara vaccine: a review. Orinoquia 24, 79-95. Doi: 10.22579/20112629.622
Jenkins M. C. (1998). Progress on developing a recombinant coccidiosis vaccine. International journal for parasitology, 28(7), 1111–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00041-1
Jenkins MC. Advances and prospects for subunit vaccines against protozoa of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 2001 Nov 22;101(3-4):291-310. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00557-x. PMID: 11707303.
Knox D. P. (2000). Development of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitology, 120 Suppl, S43–S61. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005764
Knox, D. P., & Smith, W. D. (2001). Vaccination against gastrointestinal nematode parasites of ruminants using gut-expressed antigens. Veterinary parasitology, 100(1-2), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00480-0
Knox, D. P., Redmond, D. L., Newlands, G. F., Skuce, P. J., Pettit, D., & Smith, W. D. (2003). The nature and prospects for gut membrane proteins as vaccine candidates for Haemonchus contortus and other ruminant trichostrongyloids. International journal for parasitology, 33(11), 1129–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00167-x
Kyngdon, C. T., Gauci, C. G., Gonzalez, A. E., Flisser, A., Zoli, A., Read, A. J., Martínez-Ocaña, J., Strugnell, R. A., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2006). Antibody responses and epitope specificities to the Taenia solium cysticercosis vaccines TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A. Parasite immunology, 28(5), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00820.x
Larrieu, E., Mujica, G., Araya, D., Labanchi, J. L., Arezo, M., Herrero, E., Santillán, G., Vizcaychipi, K., Uchiumi, L., Salvitti, J. C., Grizmado, C., Calabro, A., Talmon, G., Sepulveda, L., Galvan, J. M., Cabrera, M., Seleiman, M., Crowley, P., Cespedes, G., García Cachau, M., … Lightowlers, M. W. (2019). Pilot field trial of the EG95 vaccine against ovine cystic echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina: 8 years of work. Acta tropica, 191, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.025
Larrieu, E., Mujica, G., Gauci, C. G., Vizcaychipi, K., Seleiman, M., Herrero, E., Labanchi, J. L., Araya, D., Sepúlveda, L., Grizmado, C., Calabro, A., Talmon, G., Poggio, T. V., Crowley, P., Cespedes, G., Santillán, G., García Cachau, M., Lamberti, R., Gino, L., Donadeu, M., … Lightowlers, M. W. (2015). Pilot Field Trial of the EG95 Vaccine Against Ovine Cystic Echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina: Second Study of Impact. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(10), e0004134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004134
Li, J., Zheng, J., Gong, P., & Zhang, X. (2012). Efficacy of Eimeria tenella rhomboid-like protein as a subunit vaccine in protective immunity against homologous challenge. Parasitology research, 110(3), 1139–1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2603-1
Lightowlers, M. W., Jensen, O., Fernandez, E., Iriarte, J. A., Woollard, D. J., Gauci, C. G., Jenkins, D. J., & Heath, D. D. (1999). Vaccination trials in Australia and Argentina confirm the effectiveness of the EG95 hydatid vaccine in sheep. International journal for parasitology, 29(4), 531–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00003-x
Lightowlers, M. W., Jensen, O., Fernandez, E., Iriarte, J. A., Woollard, D. J., Gauci, C. G., Jenkins, D. J., & Heath, D. D. (1999). Vaccination trials in Australia and Argentina confirm the effectiveness of the EG95 hydatid vaccine in sheep. International journal for parasitology, 29(4), 531–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00003-x
Lightowlers, M. W., Lawrence, S. B., Gauci, C. G., Young, J., Ralston, M. J., Maas, D., & Heath, D. D. (1996). Vaccination against hydatidosis using a defined recombinant antigen. Parasite immunology, 18(9), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1996.tb01029.x
Loukas, A., Bethony, J. M., Williamson, A. L., Goud, G. N., Mendez, S., Zhan, B., Hawdon, J. M., Elena Bottazzi, M., Brindley, P. J., & Hotez, P. J. (2004). Vaccination of dogs with a recombinant cysteine protease from the intestine of canine hookworms diminishes the fecundity and growth of worms. The Journal of infectious diseases, 189(10), 1952–1961. https://doi.org/10.1086/386346
Masure, D., Vlaminck, J., Wang, T., Chiers, K., Van den Broeck, W., Vercruysse, J., & Geldhof, P. (2013). A role for eosinophils in the intestinal immunity against infective Ascaris suum larvae. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 7(3), e2138. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002138
Matthews, J. B., Geldhof, P., Tzelos, T., & Claerebout, E. (2016). Progress in the development of subunit vaccines for gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants. Parasite immunology, 38(12), 744–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12391
McDonald, V., & Shirley, M. W. (2009). Past and future: vaccination against Eimeria. Parasitology, 136(12), 1477–1489. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009006349
Meeusen, E. N., Walker, J., Peters, A., Pastoret, P. P., & Jungersen, G. (2007). Current status of veterinary vaccines. Clinical microbiology reviews, 20(3), 489–510. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00005-07
Merck Animal Health. (1995-2020). Retrieved from https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/product/poultry/ Coccivac-B52/1
Merck Animal Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.merck-animal-health.com/species/poultry/intestinal-health/
Meyvis, Y., Geldhof, P., Gevaert, K., Timmerman, E., Vercruysse, J., & Claerebout, E. (2007). Vaccination against Ostertagia ostertagi with subfractions of the protective ES-thiol fraction. Veterinary parasitology, 149(3-4), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.014
Miller, T. A. (1964). Effect of x-irradiation upon the infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and the immunogenic effect in dogs of a single infection with 40 kr-irradiated larvae. The Journal of parasitology, 50, 735–742.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
MSD Animal Health Hub. 2018. Retrieved from https://www.msd-animal-health-hub.co.uk/Products/Paracox;
Munn, E. A., Greenwood, C. A., & Coadwell, W. J. (1987). Vaccination of young lambs by means of a protein fraction extracted from adult Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology, 94 ( Pt 2), 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000054032
Newton, S. E., & Meeusen, E. N. (2003). Progress and new technologies for developing vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. Parasite immunology, 25(5), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2003.00631.x
Newton, S. E., & Munn, E. A. (1999). The development of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites, particularly Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology today (Personal ed.), 15(3), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01399-x
Nisbet, A. J., McNeilly, T. N., Greer, A. W., Bartley, Y., Oliver, E. M., Smith, S., Palarea-Albaladejo, J., & Matthews, J. B. (2016). Protection of ewes against Teladorsagia circumcincta infection in the periparturient period by vaccination with recombinant antigens. Veterinary parasitology, 228, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.09.002
Nisbet, A. J., McNeilly, T. N., Wildblood, L. A., Morrison, A. A., Bartley, D. J., Bartley, Y., Longhi, C., McKendrick, I. J., Palarea-Albaladejo, J., & Matthews, J. B. (2013). Successful immunization against a parasitic nematode by vaccination with recombinant proteins. Vaccine, 31(37), 4017–4023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.026
Payne, P. A., & Artzer, M. (2009). The biology and control of Giardia spp and Tritrichomonas foetus. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 39(6), 993–v. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.06.007
Peek, H. W., & Landman, W. J. (2011). Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies. The veterinary quarterly, 31(3), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2011.605247
Petavy, A. F., Hormaeche, C., Lahmar, S., Ouhelli, H., Chabalgoity, A., Marchal, T., Azzouz, S., Schreiber, F., Alvite, G., Sarciron, M. E., Maskell, D., Esteves, A., & Bosquet, G. (2008). An oral recombinant vaccine in dogs against Echinococcus granulosus, the causative agent of human hydatid disease: a pilot study. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2(1), e125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000125
Plancarte, A., Flisser, A., Gauci, C. G., & Lightowlers, M. W. (1999). Vaccination against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs using native and recombinant oncosphere antigens. International journal for parasitology, 29(4), 643–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00021-1
Preston, S., Jabbar, A., Nowell, C., Joachim, A., Ruttkowski, B., Baell, J., Cardno, T., Korhonen, P. K., Piedrafita, D., Ansell, B. R., Jex, A. R., Hofmann, A., & Gasser, R. B. (2015). Low cost whole-organism screening of compounds for anthelmintic activity. International journal for parasitology, 45(5), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.01.007
Redding, L., & Weiner, D. B. (2009). DNA vaccines in veterinary use. Expert review of vaccines, 8(9), 1251–1276. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.09.77
Reid W. M. (1990). History of avian medicine in the United States. X. Control of coccidiosis. Avian diseases, 34(3), 509–525.
Sander, V. A., Sánchez López, E. F., Mendoza Morales, L., Ramos Duarte, V. A., Corigliano, M. G., & Clemente, M. (2020). Use of Veterinary Vaccines for Livestock as a Strategy to Control Foodborne Parasitic Diseases. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 10, 288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00288
Schetters T. (1995). Vaccine development from a commercial point of view. Veterinary parasitology, 57(1-3), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)03125-g
Schetters, T. P., & Gravendyck, M. (2006). Regulations and procedures in parasite vaccine development. Parasitology, 133 Suppl, S189–S195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182006001879
Sciutto, E., Fragoso, G., de Aluja, A. S., Hernández, M., Rosas, G., & Larralde, C. (2008). Vaccines against cysticercosis. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 8(5), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802608783790839
Sciutto, E., Fragoso, G., Hernández, M., Rosas, G., Martínez, J. J., Fleury, A., Cervantes, J., Aluja, A., & Larralde, C. (2013). Development of the S3Pvac vaccine against murine Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis: a historical review. The Journal of parasitology, 99(4), 693–702. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3101.1
Sepúlveda-Crespo, D., Reguera, R. M., Rojo-Vázquez, F., Balaña-Fouce, R., & Martínez-Valladares, M. (2020). Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics. Medicinal research reviews, 40(5), 1715–1753. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21668
Sharma, N., Singh, V., & Shyma, K. P. (2015). Role of parasitic vaccines in integrated control of parasitic diseases in livestock. Veterinary world, 8(5), 590–598. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.590-598
Siefker, C., & Rickard, L. G. (2000). Vaccination of calves with Haemonchus placei intestinal homogenate. Veterinary parasitology, 88(3-4), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00208-3
Smith, S. K., & Smith, W. D. (1996). Immunisation of sheep with an integral membrane glycoprotein complex of Haemonchus contortus and with its major polypeptide components. Research in veterinary science, 60(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(96)90121-6
Smith, S. K., Pettit, D., Newlands, G. F., Redmond, D. L., Skuce, P. J., Knox, D. P., & Smith, W. D. (1999). Further immunization and biochemical studies with a protective antigen complex from the microvillar membrane of the intestine of Haemonchus contortus. Parasite immunology, 21(4), 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00217.x
Smith, W. D., & Smith, S. K. (1993). Evaluation of aspects of the protection afforded to sheep immunised with a gut membrane protein of Haemonchus contortus. Research in veterinary science, 55(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(93)90025-b
Smith, W. D., Smith, S. K., & Murray, J. M. (1994). Protection studies with integral membrane fractions of Haemonchus contortus. Parasite immunology, 16(5), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00345.x
Smith, W. D., Smith, S. K., Pettit, D., Newlands, G. F., & Skuce, P. J. (2000). Relative protective properties of three membrane glycoprotein fractions from Haemonchus contortus. Parasite immunology, 22(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00277.x
Song, H., Yan, R., Xu, L., Song, X., Shah, M. A., Zhu, H., & Li, X. (2010). Efficacy of DNA vaccines carrying Eimeria acervulina lactate dehydrogenase antigen gene against coccidiosis. Experimental parasitology, 126(2), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2010.05.015
Song, K. D., Lillehoj, H. S., Choi, K. D., Yun, C. H., Parcells, M. S., Huynh, J. T., & Han, J. Y. (2000). A DNA vaccine encoding a conserved Eimeria protein induces protective immunity against live Eimeria acervulina challenge. Vaccine, 19(2-3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00169-9
Song, X., Xu, L., Yan, R., Huang, X., Shah, M. A., & Li, X. (2009). The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina. Veterinary parasitology, 159(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.015
Soutter, F., Werling, D., Tomley, F. M., & Blake, D. P. (2020). Poultry Coccidiosis: Design and Interpretation of Vaccine Studies. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 101. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00101
Stutzer C, Richards A, Ferreira M, Baron S, Maritz-Olivier C. (2018). Metazoan parasite vaccines: present status and future prospects. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 8, 67. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00067
Tecnovax. (n.d.) PROVIDEAN HIDATIL EG95. Retrieved from http://www.tecnovax.com.ar/productos/providean-hidatil-eg95/;
Tsuji, N., Suzuki, K., Kasuga-Aoki, H., Isobe, T., Arakawa, T., & Matsumoto, Y. (2003). Mice intranasally immunized with a recombinant 16-kilodalton antigen from roundworm Ascaris parasites are protected against larval migration of Ascaris suum. Infection and immunity, 71(9), 5314–5323. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.9.5314-5323.2003
Unnikrishnan, M., Rappuoli, R., & Serruto, D. (2012). Recombinant bacterial vaccines. Current opinion in immunology, 24(3), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2012.03.013
Urban, J. F., Jr, & Tromba, F. G. (1982). Development of immune responsiveness to Ascaris suum antigens in pigs vaccinated with ultraviolet-attenuated eggs. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 3(4), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(82)90022-8
Verastegui, M., Gilman, R. H., Gonzales, A., Garcia, H. H., Gavidia, C., Falcon, N., Bernal, T., Arana, Y., Tsang, V. C., & Cysticercosis Working Group In Peru (2002). Taenia solium oncosphere antigens induce immunity in pigs against experimental cysticercosis. Veterinary parasitology, 108(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00182-6
Vercauteren, I., Geldhof, P., Vercruysse, J., Peelaers, I., van den Broeck, W., Gevaert, K., & Claerebout, E. (2004). Vaccination with an Ostertagia ostertagi polyprotein allergen protects calves against homologous challenge infection. Infection and immunity, 72(5), 2995–3001. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.5.2995-3001.2004
Vercruysse, J., Charlier, J., Van Dijk, J., Morgan, E. R., Geary, T., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., & Claerebout, E. (2018). Control of helminth ruminant infections by 2030. Parasitology, 145(13), 1655–1664. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118201700227X
Vercruysse, J., Knox, D. P., Schetters, T. P., & Willadsen, P. (2004). Veterinary parasitic vaccines: pitfalls and future directions. Trends in parasitology, 20(10), 488–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2004.07.009
Vermeulen A. N. (1998). Progress in recombinant vaccine development against coccidiosis. A review and prospects into the next millennium. International journal for parasitology, 28(7), 1121–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00080-0
Versteeg, L., Almutairi, M. M., Hotez, P. J., & Pollet, J. (2019). Enlisting the mRNA Vaccine Platform to Combat Parasitic Infections. Vaccines, 7(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040122
Vlaminck, J., Borloo, J., Vercruysse, J., Geldhof, P., & Claerebout, E. (2015). Vaccination of calves against Cooperia oncophora with a double-domain activation-associated secreted protein reduces parasite egg output and pasture contamination. International journal for parasitology, 45(4), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.11.001
Vlaminck, J., Martinez-Valladares, M., Dewilde, S., Moens, L., Tilleman, K., Deforce, D., Urban, J., Claerebout, E., Vercruysse, J., & Geldhof, P. (2011). Immunizing pigs with Ascaris suum haemoglobin increases the inflammatory response in the liver but fails to induce a protective immunity. Parasite immunology, 33(4), 250–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01274.x
Wallach, M., Smith, N. C., Petracca, M., Miller, C. M., Eckert, J., & Braun, R. (1995). Eimeria maxima gametocyte antigens: potential use in a subunit maternal vaccine against coccidiosis in chickens. Vaccine, 13(4), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(95)98255-9
Williams R. B. (2002). Fifty years of anticoccidial vaccines for poultry (1952-2002). Avian diseases, 46(4), 775–802. https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0775:FYOAVF]2.0.CO;2
Woods, D. J., Vaillancourt, V. A., Wendt, J. A., & Meeus, P. F. (2011). Discovery and development of veterinary antiparasitic drugs: past, present and future. Future medicinal chemistry, 3(7), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc.11.39
Xu, J., Zhang, Y., & Tao, J. (2013). Efficacy of a DNA vaccine carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 antigen gene against coccidiosis in chickens. The Korean journal of parasitology, 51(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.147
Xu, Q., Song, X., Xu, L., Yan, R., Shah, M. A., & Li, X. (2008). Vaccination of chickens with a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. Veterinary parasitology, 156(3-4), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.05.025
Zoetis. (2013). GiardiaVax. Retrieved from https://ar.zoetis.com/products/caninos/giardia-vax.aspx;
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
When RIAA receives the postulation of an original by its author, either through email or post mail, considers that it can be published in physical and/or electronic format and facilitates its inclusion in databases, newspaper archives and other systems and indexing process. RIAA authorizes the reproduction and citation of the Journal’s material, provided that explicitly indicates journal name, the authors, the article title, volume, number and pages. The ideas and concepts expressed in the articles are responsibility of the authors and in no case reflect the institutional policies of the UNAD.
