Published 2026-09-26
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Área Ambiental

Territorial conflicts between land use and land suitability in the Catatumbo region, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.10157
Alexander Armesto Arenas Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña image/svg+xml
José Manuel Alba Maldonado Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña image/svg+xml
Wilson Angarita Castilla Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña image/svg+xml

Contextualization: This research focused on the Catatumbo region, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, which faces a variety of territorial conflicts due to inappropriate land use, illicit crops, extensive cattle ranching and demographic expansion.

Knowledge gap: Until now, research in the Catatumbo area was partial, descriptive and lacked solid statistical correlations between environmental supply, conflict and land use suitability. Conversely, this study conducts a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of land use conflicts in relation to its suitability and environmental supply using Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). It also highlights the importance of protected areas and indigenous reserves in the mitigation of conflicts, compared to municipalities without protected areas.

Objective: To identify and analyze, in this research scenario, the conflicts between land use and suitability in the municipalities of the Catatumbo region, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia.

Methodology: The methodology was based on a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA), using 54 variables obtained from official sources (IGAC, ICA, UNODC, FAO, UPRA, among others). This statistical technique made it possible to represent and compare variables of use, environmental supply and territorial conflict in a common space, facilitating the identification of patterns.

Results and conclusions: The implementation of the MFA allowed us to describe Catatumbo in four dimensions, the first represented by territories with a wide environmental offer focused on productivity and conservation processes accompanied by the distortion derived from the underutilization and overutilization of the soil. The second dimension, represented by conservationist municipalities with a feasible environmental offer for agricultural, forestry and livestock production with moderate land use conflicts. The third dimension is related to municipalities with greater conflict due to overexploitation and pressure on natural resources and the fourth dimension relates to municipalities with low influence on Catatumbo with their own characteristics on their territories, more conservationist in nature, well-marked regulations and moderate conflicts. It is also evident that the areas richest in natural resources are the most impacted. As a result, there is a significant need to strengthen territorial planning, implement legal conservation components, and link land use to environmental criteria in order to safeguard the ecological functionality of Catatumbo.

keywords: Resource development, environmental conservation, social conflict, right to control natural resources, resource management, land resources
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How to Cite

Armesto Arenas, A., Alba Maldonado, J. M. ., & Angarita Castilla, W. . (2026). Territorial conflicts between land use and land suitability in the Catatumbo region, Colombia. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 17(2), 285-330. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.10157
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