Caracterización morfoagronómica in situ de cacao nativo (Theobroma cacao L.) ee Puerto Asís, Putumayo, Colombia

José Julián Apraez Muñoz; Gabriel Burgos Jimenez; Emel John  Burbano Ijaji

doi:10.22490/21456453.7569

Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025)

Published 2024-12-19

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In situ morpho-agronomic characterization of native cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) from Puerto Asís, Putumayo, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.7569

José Julián Apraez Muñoz Universidad de Nariño

Gabriel Burgos Jimenez SENA-´Puerto asis

Emel John Burbano Ijaji SENA-´Puerto asis

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Abstract
References

Contextualization: The project was conducted in the municipality of Puerto Asís, Department of Putumayo, focusing on the phenotypic characterization of morpho-agronomic traits of Theobroma cacao. This study is particularly relevant due to the absence of germplasm banks and breeding programs in the region, which is located in the Colombian Amazon. The evaluated plants have been established for over 15 years, allowing the study of cultivar acclimatization to local edaphoclimatic conditions.

Knowledge Gap: The region lacks germplasm banks and breeding programs that would enable the improvement of productivity and conservation of native cacao cultivars, limiting the potential economic development and sustainability of their use.

Objectives: The main objective was to phenotypically characterize the native cacao cultivars in Puerto Asís to establish a database for the creation of a germplasm bank and to develop conservation and breeding strategies aimed at promoting the region's economic development by utilizing high-yield cultivars.

Methodology: A total of 48 variables were evaluated, divided into four strata: leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruits. Each stratum used three types of descriptors as basic characterization units: binomial, multi-state, and quantitative. Cluster analysis techniques were applied to identify similarities and differences among the evaluated cultivars.

Results and Conclusions: The analysis revealed significant differences between strata and cultivars, identifying cultivars that excelled in terms of yield and physiological traits. Cultivars 25, 26, 3, 14, and 13 stood out in yield variables, while plants 36, 31, and 18 showed outstanding physiological characteristics. This study represents the first effort to characterize the agro-biodiversity of native cacao in the Colombian Amazon, providing a solid foundation for local germplasm bank creation and the development of breeding programs.

keywords: Genetic, Cluster analysis, Variability, Descriptor

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Apraez Muñoz, J. J., Burgos Jimenez, G., & Burbano Ijaji, E. J. . (2024). In situ morpho-agronomic characterization of native cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) from Puerto Asís, Putumayo, Colombia. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 16(1), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.7569

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