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4-nonilfenol: efectos, cuantificación y métodos de remoción en aguas superficiales y potables
Los contaminantes emergentes constituyen un grupo de sustancias cuya regulación está siendo abordada, debido al incremento de su presencia en cuerpos de agua asociado principalmente a las acciones antropogénicas. Estos compuestos caracterizados como disruptores endocrinos a bajas concentraciones causan daños irreversibles en los ecosistemas y están siendo objeto de estudio especialmente en las últimas dos décadas. Para mitigar su impacto y presencia en los ecosistemas, se han estudiado alternativas para lograr su remoción, basadas en procesos de adsorción, electrocoagulación, filtración por membrana y procesos de oxidación avanzada (AOP). Específicamente el contaminante emergente 4-nonilfenol (4-NF), compuesto perteneciente a la familia de los alquilfenoles, es utilizado como principio activo de tensoactivos no iónicos para uso en detergentes, dispersantes, emulsionantes y solubilizantes, estando presente entre otros, en formulaciones producto de aseo, de plaguicidas y de pinturas, siendo su principal vía de acceso al ambiente a través de aguas residuales. Esta revisión bibliográfica reúne información acerca de algunas propiedades fisicoquímicas del 4-NF, toxicidad, métodos de cuantificación y remoción
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