Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro

Ángela María Gonella Diaza; Jorge Eduardo Atuesta Bustos; Sandra Milena Bernal Ulloa; Liliana Chacón Jaramillo

doi:10.22490/21456453.1967

Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2013)

Publicado 15-01-2013

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Artículos de Investigación

Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.1967

Ángela María Gonella Diaza

Jorge Eduardo Atuesta Bustos Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

Sandra Milena Bernal Ulloa UDCA

Liliana Chacón Jaramillo UNISALLE

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Referencias

La producción de embriones in vitro (PIV) es una biotecnología reproductiva que impacta los sistemas ganaderos favoreciendo el mejoramiento genético y que también se ha utilizado como modelo de investigación del desarrollo embrionario en otras especies. Para el desarrollo de ésta técnica, se colectan oocitos in vivo por medio de laparoscopia y aspiración folicular guiada por ultrasonografía ó a través de ovarios recolectados en plantas de sacrificio. Los oocitos son sometidos a procesos de maduración in vitro, utilizando diversos medios, adición de gonadotropinas y factores de crecimiento. Los espermatozoides son sometidos a tratamientos de capacitación espermática in vitro, donde adquieren capacidad fertilizante y se separan los espermatozoides vivos de los componentes seminales y crio-protectores. Para la fertilización in vitro se realiza un cocultivo de espermatozoides y oocitos en un medio que favorece la actividad espermática y penetración de la zona pelúcida. Posteriormente, los embriones obtenidos son sometidos a cultivo en medios que contengan fuentes de energía, aminoácidos y factores de crecimiento, con el fin de mantener su sobrevivencia y desarrollo. En la actualidad la técnica de PIV en bovinos se ha masificado y se trabaja en los procesos de estandarización en otras especies. A partir de la PIV se dio el desarrollo de nuevas biotecnologías como la clonación y transgénesis. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las fases de la PIV y su relación con los eventos fisiológicos de la fertilización y desarrollo embrionario temprano.

Palabras clave: biotecnología, desarrollo embrionario, espermatozoides, fertilización, oocitos

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Gonella Diaza, Ángela M., Atuesta Bustos, J. E., Bernal Ulloa, S. M., & Chacón Jaramillo, L. (2013). Generalidades de la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro. Revista De Investigación Agraria Y Ambiental, 4(1), 65-80. https://doi.org/10.22490/21456453.1967

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