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Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in children and adolescents: a narrative review.
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a curved Gram-negative urease-producing bacillus that causes gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. In Colombia, this bacterium affects 80% of the population, with a high incidence from childhood onwards. Given that invasive methods for detecting this microorganism have limitations and are uncomfortable for patients, non-invasive tests stand out as an effective alternative for early diagnosis and prevention of infection. Objective: Collect evidence on non-invasive diagnostic methods for H. pylori in children and adolescents. Methodology: A narrative review of the scientific literature available in the electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Proquest, Dialnet, and Redalyc was conducted, including studies published between 2020 and 2025 on non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori in the population aged 0 to 18 years. Results: 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and organized into comparative tables. The main non-invasive methods for detecting H. pylori found were the urea breath test (UBT), the stool antigen test (HpSA), serology, and molecular tests (PCR). Furthermore, diagnostic alternatives were identified that incorporate new technologies into traditional methods, accelerating the detection of H. pylori. Conclusions: The stool antigen test (HpSA) is the most widely used diagnostic method in children and adolescents because it does not require an invasive procedure or special conditions for obtaining the sample.
