Innovaciones en la terapia antimicrobiana

Fredy Alexander  Guevara Agudelo; Liliana Constanza Muñoz Molina; Jeannette  Navarrette Ospina; Luz Mary Salazar Pulido; Gladys  Pinilla Bermúdez

doi:10.22490/24629448.3921

Vol. 18 Núm. 34 (2020)

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2020-07-09

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Innovaciones en la terapia antimicrobiana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.3921

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Artículo de Revisión

Fredy Alexander Guevara Agudelo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2758-6964

Liliana Constanza Muñoz Molina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-520X

Jeannette Navarrette Ospina

Luz Mary Salazar Pulido Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca.

Gladys Pinilla Bermúdez Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca

La resistencia microbiana ha llevado a la búsqueda de innovadoras alternativas para su contención y dentro de las más promisorias están el uso de péptidos sintéticos, no sólo por sus características intrínsecas antimicrobianas, sino por las interacciones sinérgicas y antagónicas que presenta con otros mediadores inmunológicos. Estas propiedades han permitido crear péptidos sintéticos reguladores de defensa innata que representan un nuevo enfoque inmunomodulador para el tratamiento de infecciones; sin embargo, sólo los diseñados con alto score antimicrobiano, han demostrado eficacia en estudios clínicos de Fase 3. Debido a su amplio espectro de actividad, un único péptido puede actuar contra bacterias Gram negativas, Gram positivas, hongos, e incluso virus y parásitos, aumentando el interés por investigar estas dinámicas moléculas.

Por otra parte, se encuentra el sistema CRISPR, para la edición de genomas bacterianos, permitirá reducir su actividad virulenta y diseñar antimicrobianos basados en nucleasas CRISPR-Cas 9 programables contra dianas específicas, las que representan un promisorio camino en el estudio de nuevas alternativas con alto potencial para eliminar la resistencia a antibióticos de bacterias altamente patógenas. Asimismo, se aborda la terapia con fagos, referida a la accion de virus que infectan bacterias, usados solos o en cocteles para aumentar el espectro de acción de estos, aprovechando su abundacia en la naturaleza, ya que se ha considerado que cada bacteria tiene un virus específico que podría emplearse como potente agente antibacteriano.

Finalmente, mientras se usen como principal medio de contención solo tratamientos convencionales antimicrobianos, incluso de manera oportuna y acertada, la microevolución en las bacterias se asegurará de seguir su curs

Resistencia microbiana, péptidos antimicrobianos, fagoterapia, CRISPR

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83. Jassim S A A, Limoges R G. Natural solution to antibiotic resistance: Bacteriophages “The Living Drugs”’. World J Microbiol Biotech. 2014;30(8):2153–2170. doi: 10.1007/s11274-014-1655-7

Guevara Agudelo , F. A. ., Muñoz Molina , L. C., Navarrette Ospina , J. ., Salazar Pulido , L. M., & Pinilla Bermúdez , G. . (2020). Innovaciones en la terapia antimicrobiana. Nova, 18(34), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.3921

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