Análisis de la Operación de Paz de Naciones Unidas en Mali: contraterrorismo y contrainsurgencia en MINUSMA

Jordi Bernal Fabra

doi:10.22490/26655489.5845

Vol. 4 No. 8 (2022): Julio - Diciembre

Published 2022-07-28

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Análisis de la Operación de Paz de Naciones Unidas en Mali: contraterrorismo y contrainsurgencia en MINUSMA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5845

Jordi Bernal Fabra Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona

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Este artículo analiza el papel de la Misión Multidimensional Integrada de Estabilización de las Naciones Unidas en Malí (MINUSMA) en la lucha contra el terrorismo y la insurgencia. Esta misión de paz es víctima directa de los ataques terroristas e insurgentes, lo que lleva a preguntarnos si los combate activamente, y a revisar si estas tareas emanan del mandato y su implementación, o si tales amenazas llevan a la MINUSMA a combatirlas como consecuencia. El artículo utiliza los elementos teóricos del contraterrorismo y la contrainsurgencia per se, así como aquellos relacionados con las operaciones de paz. Luego, mediante una metodología de investigación cualitativa, utiliza la MINUSMA como estudio de caso para exponer la evolución de las operaciones de paz y la posible expansión actual y futura de sus tareas. Esto, a través del análisis de las resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad, la literatura académica y otros documentos de las Naciones Unidas. El estudio concluye que, efectivamente, la MINUSMA ha llevado a cabo tales tareas, directamente y en cooperación con la operación militar francesa. Estas tareas surgen implícitamente del mandato, con una estructura organizativa y operacional al servicio de estas, y se ven reforzadas por factores sobrevenidos sobre el terreno. Este cambio, eventualmente, acaba con su imparcialidad, con lo que aumentan los riesgos de los cascos azules, disminuyen su eficacia y perturban la doctrina de operaciones de paz de las Naciones Unidas. En conclusión, encontramos que el mandato tácito y su vaguedad no solo dificultan el análisis académico, sino también las tareas sobre el terreno y el futuro de la seguridad del personal internacional y la población de Malí y el Sahel.

keywords: contrainsurgencia, contraterrorismo, Guerra Civil de Mali, MINUSMA, Operación Barkhane, operaciones de paz, Sahel

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Bernal Fabra, J. (2022). Análisis de la Operación de Paz de Naciones Unidas en Mali: contraterrorismo y contrainsurgencia en MINUSMA. Análisis Jurídico Político, 4(8), 17-50. https://doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5845

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