Resistencia Antimicrobiana: Desafíos Contemporáneos y Estrategias Terapéuticas Innovadoras en la Era Post-Antibiótica

Olga Lucia Ostos Ortiz

doi:10.22490/26194759.10817

Vol. 9 Núm. 1 (2025): .

Publicado 2025-12-01

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

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Resistencia Antimicrobiana: Desafíos Contemporáneos y Estrategias Terapéuticas Innovadoras en la Era Post-Antibiótica

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/26194759.10817

Olga Lucia Ostos Ortiz Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

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Objetivo: Analizar los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia antimicrobiana, estrategias terapéuticas emergentes, y enfoques preventivos basados en evidencia actual, con énfasis particular en la situación epidemiológica en América Latina y Colombia. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica publicada entre 2019-2025, utilizando bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, y repositorios especializados. Se incluyeron estudios sobre mecanismos de resistencia, nuevas terapias antimicrobianas, programas de administración, vigilancia epidemiológica, y datos específicos de América Latina. La búsqueda incorporó términos MeSH relacionados con resistencia antimicrobiana, β-lactamasas, administración de antimicrobianos, y terapias innovadoras. Resultados: Los mecanismos de resistencia incluyen modificación enzimática, alteración de dianas moleculares, bombas de eflujo, y formación de biopelículas. Las nuevas combinaciones β-lactámico/inhibidor de β-lactamasa demostraron eficacia contra patógenos multirresistentes: cefepime/enmetazobactam para P. aeruginosa productora de BLEE y aztreonam/avibactam para enterobacterias resistentes a carbapenémicos. Conclusión. Las estrategias innovadoras incluyen bacteriófagos con eficacia sinérgica combinados con antibióticos, péptidos antimicrobianos con 12 fármacos aprobados por FDA, y sistemas CRISPR-Cas para eliminación selectiva de genes de resistencia. La inteligencia artificial aceleró el descubrimiento con compuestos como halicin y abaucin.

Palabras clave: resistencia antimicrobiana, β-lactamasas, medicina de precisión, bacteriófagos, antimicrobianos

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Ostos Ortiz, O. L. (2025). Resistencia Antimicrobiana: Desafíos Contemporáneos y Estrategias Terapéuticas Innovadoras en la Era Post-Antibiótica. Biociencias (UNAD), 9(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.22490/26194759.10817

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