Procedural strategies for data bases optimization

Procedural language in database management systems (DBMS) enables the creation of procedures and functions to encapsulate business logic, facilitating efficient data access and manipulation. Unlike declarative languages, such as SQL, procedural languages offer control flow and advanced programming structures, like those found in PL/SQL for Oracle and Transact-SQL (T-SQL) for SQL Server. These languages support the development of stored procedures, user-defined functions (UDFs), and triggers, which automate repetitive and complex tasks within the database. UDFs provide modularity and code reuse, though they may impact performance in large data volumes. Additionally, triggers respond automatically to specific events, such as inserts or deletions, and are classified into DDL and DML triggers. These components optimize database performance by reducing network traffic and increasing data processing efficiency.