Silenciamiento génico en insectos plaga que afectan la industria agrícola usando ARN de interferencia

Lizeth  Ossa Toro; Dina  Padilla Jarava; Ligia  Sánchez Leal; Luz Stella  Fuentes Quintero

doi:10.22490/24629448.6189

Vol. 20 Núm. 38 (2022)

Publicado 2022-09-13

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Derechos de autor 2022 Nova

Artículo de Revisión

Silenciamiento génico en insectos plaga que afectan la industria agrícola usando ARN de interferencia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.6189

Lizeth Ossa Toro

Dina Padilla Jarava

Ligia Sánchez Leal

Luz Stella Fuentes Quintero

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Resumen
Referencias

Los insectos plaga, son especies de organismos vivos que en forma constante se encuentran en poblaciones altas, ocasionando daños económicos en los cultivos. Generalmente, suele tratarse de especies puntuales, por lo general, sólo una o dos, que pueden causar gran afectación económica en el sector de la agricultura. En las últimas 3 décadas se ha venido desarrollando el concepto de un proceso biológico, detectado en eucariotas ampliamente, mediante el que se pueden silenciar genes, a partir de ARN de doble cadena (ARNdc). Esta maquinaria se ha investigado para conocer su funcionamiento y buscar potenciales aplicaciones que podrían tener en el campo de la biotecnología. En varios estudios se encontró que el silenciamiento de genes se debe a las interacciones enzimáticas intracelulares citoplasmáticas con moléculas de ARN pequeñas (ARNsi), que actúan sobre el ARN mensajero (ARNm) intracelular, impidiendo que este se traduzca a proteína. Mediante este mecanismo se busca silenciar genes específicos en insectos plaga, que sean esenciales para que el insecto pueda vivir y de esa manera evitar la proliferación de la plaga. Este artículo recopila los estudios realizados acerca del ARN de interferencia, referidos al mecanismo genético de los insectos, como alternativa para su control.

Palabras clave: silenciamiento genético, control de plagas, insectos plaga, ARNm endógeno, ARNm exógeno, complejo enzimático

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Ossa Toro, L. ., Padilla Jarava, . D. ., Sánchez Leal, L. ., & Fuentes Quintero, L. S. . (2022). Silenciamiento génico en insectos plaga que afectan la industria agrícola usando ARN de interferencia. Revista Nova publicación científica En Ciencias biomédicas, 20(38), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.6189

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Silenciamiento génico en insectos plaga que afectan la industria agrícola usando ARN de interferencia

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