Relación Entre Virulencia y Resistencia Antimicrobiana en/ Relationship Between Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in

Andrés E. Zuñiga; Mónica Chávez V. PhD; Romel Fabian Gómez Naranjo BSC; Cristina Eugenia Cabrera Alaix MSC; Raúl E. Corral MD; Bertha López MSC

doi:10.22490/24629448.455

Vol. 8 Núm. 14 (2010)

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2010-12-15

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Zuñiga, A. E., Chávez V. PhD, M., Gómez Naranjo BSC, R. F., Cabrera Alaix MSC, C. E., Corral MD, R. E., & López MSC, B. (2010). Relación Entre Virulencia y Resistencia Antimicrobiana en/ Relationship Between Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in. REVISTA NOVA PUBLICACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN CIENCIAS BIOMÉDICAS, 8(14), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.455

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Relación Entre Virulencia y Resistencia Antimicrobiana en/ Relationship Between Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.455

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Artículo de Revisión

Andrés E. Zuñiga Universidad Libre

Mónica Chávez V. PhD Universidad Libre

Romel Fabian Gómez Naranjo BSC Universidad Libre

Cristina Eugenia Cabrera Alaix MSC Universidad del Valle

Raúl E. Corral MD Universidad Libre

Bertha López MSC

Acinetobacter baumanni causa frecuentemente infecciones intrahospitalarias y actualmente se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de infecciones severas adquiridas en la comunidad. La capacidad de colonizar diversos hábitats y la versatilidad en su metabolismo ha influido en el incremento del número de infecciones nosocomiales, siendo responsable del desarrollo de enfermedades como: sepsis, neumonías y meningitis. Estas infecciones aparecen en forma de brotes, dominados por clones epidémicos con multirresistencia a los antibióticos que causan altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos son las más afectadas por el uso masivo de antibióticos que ocasiona la aparición de cepas multirresistentes. Es importante estudiar los mecanismos de patogénesis y la resistencia a los antibióticos, como factores directos que determinan el problema de salud.

Por otra parte, las islas de patogenecidad que corresponde a material genético exógeno que ha sido integrado al genoma de la bacteria, explicaría en gran medida el carácter patogénico de la bacteria. Estas transportan genes que confieren multirresistencia a los antibióticos y son responsables directos de llevar genes involucrados en mecanismos patogénicos como son: el sistema de captación de hierro, el sistema para la formación de biopelículas en superficies abióticas, el mecanismo de formación de la proteína de membrana externa 38 y los sistemas de secreción de proteínas tipo IV, que han sido demostrados como responsables directos de la patogénesis de diversos patógenos. En este artículo se revisa la situación actual de la incidencia de las infecciones nosocomiales causadas por A. baumannii multirresistente a los antibióticos, los principales mecanismos de resistencia a fármacos y la asociación de ésta con los mecanismos de patogenicidad. El conocimiento de los elementos involucrados en la patogénesis de A. baumannii permitirá establecer los mecanismos que lleven a controlar su diseminación.

Acinetobacter baumannii, epidemiologia molecular, islas de patogenicidad, resistencia a los antibióticos, sistema de secreción tipo IV.

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