Determination of genetic damage induced by Azadirachta  indica extract in human lymphocytes

Jhossleiny Cristina  Meza Ojeda; Nelson Alfonso Vega Contreras; Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado

doi:10.22490/24629448.10144

Vol. 23 Núm. 45 (2025): 2.

Publicado 2025-07-01

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Derechos de autor 2025 Jhossleiny Cristina Meza Ojeda, Nelson Alfonso Vega Contreras, Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Artículo producto de Investigación

Determinación del daño genético inducido por extracto de Azadirachta indica en linfocitos humanos

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.10144

Jhossleiny Cristina Meza Ojeda Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander

Nelson Alfonso Vega Contreras Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander

Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander

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Resumen
Referencias

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto genotóxico de un biopesticida elaborado a partir de semillas de Neem (Azadirachta indica) sobre linfocitos humanos, con el propósito de mitigar los posibles riesgos a la salud de los agricultores.

Métodos. La extracción del principio activo de Azadirachta indica se realizó mediante el método Soxhlet, y se prepararon tres concen traciones de tratamiento: C1 (0.001 mM), C2 (0.0015 mM) y C3 (0.002 mM). Se utilizó peróxido de hidrógeno como control positivo y tampón fosfato (PBS) como control nega tivo. Los linfocitos se obtuvieron de una muestra de sangre periférica autóloga, provenien te de un individuo sano de 25 años. Posteriormente, se aplicó el ensayo Cometa (SCGE) en condiciones alcalinas, utilizando la técnica de sándwich para la protección y fijación celular. Las muestras fueron teñidas con GelRed y observadas con un microscopio Optika Italy B-510, con objetivo de 40x. Las imágenes fueron capturadas y analizadas mediante el software Comet Score™. Se empleó como parámetro de medición el porcentaje de ADN en la cola del cometa (%ADN en cola).

Resultados. Los tratamientos C2 y C3 presentaron un mayor porcentaje de ADN en cola en comparación con C1 y el control negativo, evidenciando un aumento en el daño genético proporcional a la concentración del extracto.

Conclusiones. La genotoxicidad inducida por el extracto de Azadirachta indica mostró una relación directamente proporcional con su concentración, lo que sugiere que, aunque se trata de un biopesticida de origen natural, su uso debe considerar cuidadosamente las dosis para evitar efectos adversos en la salud humana.

Palabras clave: Biopesticida, Ensayo Cometa, Electroforesis, Neem, Genotoxicidad

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Cómo citar

Meza Ojeda, J. C., Vega Contreras, N. A., & Salazar Mercado, S. A. (2025). Determinación del daño genético inducido por extracto de Azadirachta indica en linfocitos humanos. Revista Nova publicación científica En Ciencias biomédicas, 23(45), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.10144